Fig. 4

Distribution of k along the fault with different φ when D_m = − 60 m and r_H = 3. a k-distribution for φ from 20° to 80° at 10° intervals. Blue zone: no mining-induced stress disturbance; Shallow green zone: increased fault stability due to mining activities; Pink zone: decreased fault stability due to mining operations. b variation of k_max as a function of φ