Abstract
The study was carried out on the drinking water supply status from source to consumer for Ashti town in Wardha District of Maharashtra in July 2020. The overall raw water quality mitigates standards for surface water. No serious water quality problem was observed as far as the water quality of Mamdapur reservoir is concerned. High turbidity in raw water is because of rains in catchment, which carry sediments from the catchment along with the overland flow. The coliform counts observed in raw water can be attributed to faecal contamination from the catchment. The Shannon Wiener Diversity Index (SWI) ranged between 1.8 and 1.9, and the Palmer Pollution Index (PPI) of 12 for raw water samples indicate that the water is slight to moderately polluted. The operation and maintenance of the water treatment plant are not up to the mark. The variability in bacterial contamination in treated water and water at consumer end was attributed to en-route contamination due to leakages in distribution pipelines. The proper operation and maintenance of water treatment plant, repairing and replacement of the distribution pipeline, good sanitary conditions around the public taps, appropriate water storage and the consumers’ hygienic habits are essential in achieving safe drinking water supply in the town.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability statement
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Andrew FT, Carter RC, Sean FT (2005) Mechanisms leading to post-supply water quality deterioration in rural Honduran communities. Int J Hyg Environ Health 208(3):153–161
Andronikova IN (1996) Zooplankton characteristics in monitoring of lake Ladoga. Hydrobiologia 322(1–3):173–179
APHA, AWWA, WPCF (2012) Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater, method 9221 B, 22nd edn. American Public Health Association, Washington
BIS:10500 (2016) Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), Guidelines for drinking water quality standards
Correll DL (1999) Phosphorus: a rate limiting nutrient in surface waters. Poult Sci 78(5):674–682
Esrey SA, Potash JB, Roberts L, Shiff C (1991) Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhoea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and trachoma. Bull World Health Organ 69(5):609–621
Farooq S, Hashmi I, Qazi IA, Qaiser S, Rasheed S (2008) Monitoring of coliforms and chlorine residual in water distribution network of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Environ Monit Assess 140:339–347
Ford TE (1999) Microbiological safety of drinking water: United States and global perspectives. Environ Health Perspect 107(S1):191–206
George JI, Nirmal K, Rita K (2012) Study on the influence of Hydro chemical parameters on Phytoplankton distribution along Tapi estuarine area of Gulf of Khambhat India. Egypt J Aquat Res 38(3):157–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2012.12.010
Gleick PH (2002) Estimated deaths from water related diseases 2000–2020. Research Report, 15th August 2002. California: Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment and Security
Howard G, Bartram J (2005) Effective water supply surveillance in urban areas of developing countries. J Water Health 3(1):31–43
Hulyal SB, Kaliwal BB (2009) Dynamics of Phytoplankton in Relation to Physico-chemical factors of Almatti reservoir of Bijapur district, Karnataka”. Environ Monit Assess 153(1–4):45–59
Kankal NC, Warudkar S (2012) Biodiversity of Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Zoobenthos in East Coast, Bay of Bengal Near Nellore, Andhra Pradesh (India). Int J Pharm Med Bio Sci 1(2):272–285
Karavoltsosa S, Sakellaria A, Mihopoulosb N, Dassenakisa M, Scoullosa MJ (2008) Evaluation of the quality of drinking water in regions of Greece. Desalination 224(1–3):317–329
Khadse GK, Kalita M, Pimpalkar SN, Labhsetwar PK (2011a) Drinking water quality monitoring and surveillance for safe water supply in Gangtok India. Environ Monit Assess 178(1–4):401–414 (1573-2959)
Khadse GK, Kalita M, Pimpalkar SN, Labhsetwar PK (2011b) Surveillance of drinking water quality for safe water supply: a case study from Shillong India. Water Resour Manag 25:3321–3342
Khadse GK, Kalita M, Labhsetwar PK (2011c) Change in drinking water quality from source to point-of-use and storage: a case study from Guwahati India. Environ Monit Assess. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2344-8
Lehtola MJ, Nissinenb TK, Miettinena IT, Martikainenc PJ, Vartiainen T (2004) Removal of soft deposits from the distribution system improves the drinking water quality. Water Res 38(3):601–610
Lopez CB, Dortch Q, Jewett EB, Garrison D (2008) Scientific assessment of marine harmful algal blooms. In: Interagency working group on harmful algal blooms, hypoxia, and human health (December): 62
Marobhe NJ, Renman G, Jacks G (2007) The study of water supply and traditional water purification knowledge in selected rural villages in Tanzania. Indigenous knowledge systems and sustainable development: relevance for Africa, Emmanuel K
Palmer CA (1969) composite rating of algae tolerating organic pollution. J Phycol 5:78–82
Payment P, Hunter PR (2001). Endemic and epidemic infectious intestinal disease and its relationship to drinking water. In: Walsh GE (ed) Toxic effects of pollutants on plankton
Person JL (1989) Use of algae to determine water quality. Environ Sci Investig 131
Proto A, Zarrella I, Capacchione C, Motta O (2014) One-year surveillance of the chemical and microbial quality of drinking water shuttled to the Eolian Islands. Water 6:139–149. https://doi.org/10.3390/w6010139
Shannon CE, Weaver W (1949) The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana
WHO (2003) The global water supply and sanitation assessment, 2000. World Health Organization, Geneva
WHO (2013) Water quality and health strategy 2013–2020.http://www.who.int/water sanitation_ health /publications/2013/water_quality_strategy/en/index.html
WHO, UNICEF (2010) Progress on drinking water and sanitation: 2010 update. World Health Organization, Geneva
Winder M, Jassby AD (2011) Shifts in zooplankton community structure: implications for food web processes in the upper San Francisco Estuary. Estuaries Coasts 34(4):675–690
Funding
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Khadse, G.K., Kumar, M. & Labhasetwar, P.K. Drinking water quality status from source to consumer: a study for Ashti town in Wardha District of Maharashtra, India. Sustain. Water Resour. Manag. 9, 75 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-023-00848-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-023-00848-9