Abstract
The study on morphometric attributes of the Rihand River Basin (RRB) in Central India was carried out for characterizing the hydrological response behavior using geographic information system (GIS). The RRB supports production of more than 20,000 MW electricity from coal-based thermal power plants. In light of this the management of RRB becomes paramount to sustain the industrial needs and livelihood of more than two million people in the study area. The Rihand River Basin comprises a dendritic drainage pattern where the maximum number of streams was found in the first order and the stream order increased with decrease in stream number. The mean bifurcation ratio was 1.57 which indicates that the drainage pattern is not affected by structural disturbances. The mean value of stream frequency, drainage density and drainage texture was 0.60 km/km2, 0.06 and 0.03, respectively. These characteristics showed dominance of coarse drainage texture, low runoff, low erosional potential, permeable subsurface material, high vegetation cover and low relief. The elongation ratio and form factor were 0.25 and 0.30, respectively, which suggest elongated shape of the basin having a flatter peak of flow for longer duration. Flood flows of such elongated basin are easier to manage and would be helpful in determining the effect of the catchment characteristics on hydrological assessment of the study area. The dominant slopes were east facing indicating high moisture content and low evaporation in the study area. The slope map revealed gentle and moderate nature which are excellent for groundwater recharge in the RRB.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anshumali, Rani M, Yadav SK, Kumar A (2012) Impact of mining activities and allied industries on geochemistry of Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar, Northern Coalfield India. J Indian Geol Congress 4(1):1–7
Anshumali, Rani M, Yadav SK, Kumar A (2014) Geochemical alterations in surface waters of Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar, Northern Coalfield India. Environ Earth Sci 71:3181–3193
Bhattacharyya A (1996) Recent advances in Vindhyan geology. Geol Soc India Memoir 36:331
Burrough PA (1986) Principles of geographical information systems for land resources assessment. Oxford University Press, New York, p 50
Christopher O (2010) Hydrological analysis of onitsha north east drainage basin using geoinformatic techniques. World Appl Sci J 11(10):1297–1302
El Bastawesy M, White KH, Gabr S (2013) Hydrology and geomorphology of the upper White Nile Lakes and their relevance for water resources management in the Nile basin. Hydrol Process 27:196–205
El Bastawesy M, Gabr S, Mohamed I (2015) Assessment of hydrological changes in Nile River due to the construction of Renaissance Dam in Ethiopia Egypt. J Remote Sens Space Sci 18(1):65–75
Ellis JB, Revitt DM (2010) The management of urban surface water drainage in England and Wales. Water Environ J 24:1–8
Eyquem J (2007) Using fluvial geomorphology to inform integrated river basin management. Water Environ J 21:54–60
Farr TG, Jobrick M (2000) Shuttle radar topography mission produces a wealth of data. Am Geophys Union Eos 81:583–585
Geological Survey of India (Northern Region) (2009) District resource map. Mirzapur and Sonbhadra, Uttar Pradesh
Godchild MF, Haining RP (2004) IS and spatial data analysis: converging perspectives. Papers Reg Sci 83:363–385
Grohmann CH, Riccomini C, Alves FM (2007) SRTM-based morphotectonic analysis of the Poco de Caldas Alkaline Massif, Southeastern Brazil. Comput Geosci 33(1):10–19
Hadley RF, Schumm SA (1961) Sediment sources and drainage basin characteristics in upper Cheyenne River Basin. USGS Water Supply Paper 1531-B:137–196
Hlaing TK, Haruyama S, Aye MM (2008) Using GIS-based distributed soil loss modeling and morphometric analysis to prioritize watershed for soil conservation in Bago river basin of Lower Myanmar. Front Earth Sci China 2:465–478
Horton RE (1932) Drainage basin characteristics. Am Geophys Union Trans 13:348–352
Horton RE (1945) Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins; hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. Bull Geol Soc Am 56:275–370
Hungr O (2000) Analysis of debris flow surges using the theory of uniformly progressive flow. Earth Surf Process Landf 25:483–495
Javed A, Khanday MY, Ahmed R (2009) Prioritization of sub watershed based on morphometric and land use analysis using remote sensing and GIS techniques. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 37:261–274
John W, Chandrasekar N, Magesh NS (2012) Morphometric analysis of major Sub Watersheds in Aiyar & Karai Pottanar Basin, Central Tamil Nadu, India using Remote Sensing & GIS techniques. Bonfring Int J Ind Eng Manag Sci 2(special issue 1):8–15
Korkalainen THJ, Lauren AM, Kokkonen TS (2007) A GIS based analysis of catchment properties within a drumlin field. Boreal Environ Res 12:489–500
Maathuis BHP (2006) Digital elevation model based hydro-processing. Geocarto Int 21(1):21–26
Magesh NS, Chandrasekar N, Kaliraj S (2012) A GIS based automated extraction tool for the analysis of basin morphometry. Bonfring Int J Ind Eng Manag Sci 2(1):32–35
Mesa LM (2006) Morphometric analysis of a subtropical Andean basin (Tucuman, Argentina). J Environ Geol 50(8):1235–1242
Miller VC (1953) A quantitative geomorphologic study of drainage basin characteristics in the Clinch Mountain area, Virginia and Tennessee, Project NR 389042, Tech Report 3. Columbia University Department of Geology, ONR Geography Branch, New York
Panhalkar SS (2014) Hydrological modelling using SWAT model and geoinformatic techniques Egypt. J Remote Sens Space Sci 17:197–207
Rai PK, Mohan K, Mishra S, Ahmad A, Mishra VN (2017) A GIS based approach in drainage morphometric analysis of Kanhar River Basin India. Appl Water Sci 7(1):217–232
Rao NS (2008) A numerical scheme for groundwater development in watershed basin of basement terrain: a case study from India. Hydrogeol J 17:379–396
Schumm SA (1956) Evolution of drainage systems and slopes in badlands at Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Geol Soc Am Bull 67:597–646
Singh P, Thakur JK (2011) Assessment of land use/land cover using Geospatial Techniques in a semi-arid region of Madhya Pradesh, India. Geospatial Techniques for Managing Environmental Resources. Thakur, Singh, Gossel, Heidelberg, Germany, Springer and Capital publication. 152–163
Singh P, Thakur JK, Singh UC (2013) Morphometric Analysis of Morar River Basin, Madhya Pradesh, India, using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Environ Earth Sci 68:1967–1977
Singh P, Gupta A, Singh M (2014) Hydrological inferences from watershed analysis for water resource management using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Egypt J Remote Sens Space Sci 17:111–121
Smith KG (1950) Standards for grading texture of erosional topography. Am J Sci 248:655–668
Sreedevi PD, Sreekanth PD, Khan HH, Ahmed S (2013) Drainage morphology and its influence on hydrology in a semiarid region: using SRTM data and GIS. Environ Earth Sci 70(2):839–848
Strahler AN (1957) Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Trans Amer Geophys Union 38:913–920
Strahler AN (1964) Quantitative geomorphology of drainage basins and channel networks. In: Chow VT (ed) Handbook of applied hydrology. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 439–476
Thakur JK, Thakur RK, Ramanathan A, Kumar M, Singh SK (2011) Arsenic contamination of groundwater in Nepal- an overview. Water 3(1):1–20
Thomas J, Joseph S, Thrivikramji K, Abe G, Kannan N (2012) Morphometric analysis of two tropical mountain river basins of contrasting environmental setting, the southern Western Ghats India. Environ Earth Sci 66(8):2253–2366
Verstappen H (1983) The applied geomorphology. In: International Institute for Aerial Survey and Earth Science (ITC). Enschede
Vittala SS, Govindiah S, Honne GH (2004) Morphometric analysis of sub-watersheds in the pawagada area of Tumkur district, South India, using remote sensing and GIS techniques. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 32(4):351–362
Yu D, Wei YD (2008) Spatial data analysis of regional development in Greater Beijing, China, in a GIS environment. Papers Reg Sci 87:97–117
Acknowledgements
Authors are grateful to the Ministry of Earth Science, Government of India, for funding the research project no. MoES/14-15/396/ESE at Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India. We are also grateful to the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad, for providing the logistic support to carry out field monitoring and laboratory analysis. We are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable and constructive technical comments and their help in considerably modifying the style of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, B., Venkatesh, M., Triphati, A. et al. A GIS-based approach in drainage morphometric analysis of Rihand River Basin, Central India. Sustain. Water Resour. Manag. 4, 45–54 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-017-0118-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-017-0118-3