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Bioassay for validation of metalaxyl persistence to control Phytophthora palmivora infection in durian

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Abstract

Metalaxyl is the most widely used fungicide to control Phytophthora diseases. A detached leaf bioassay was developed to quantify metalaxyl efficacy using metalaxyl-sensitive (CbP01) and metalaxyl-resistant (CbP03) isolates of Phytophthora palmivora as biological indicators. The linearity of pathogen growth on metalaxyl-treated leaves ranged from 1.6–200 ppm. This assay was applied to determine metalaxyl efficacy on durian leaf after foliar spraying and soil drenching at concentrations of 2 and 4 g/l. Metalaxyl applied as foliar spray inhibited the growth of CbP01 up to 80% for 30 days after application and up to 62–65% inhibition 60 days after application. Soil drenching strongly inhibited the growth of both CbP01 and CbP03 isolates with inhibition greater than 90% for at least 60 days after application. Although soil drenching was more effective than foliar spraying in controlling P. palmivora, soil drenching with 4 g/l metalaxyl resulted in seedling death within 15 days after application. This simple bioassay to evaluate the efficacy and persistence of metalaxyl in planta is beneficial for designing and optimizing metalaxyl application with maximum efficiency and minimum negative impacts on human health and the environment.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful, thank Dr. Thomas Neal Stewart for his suggestions on preparing the manuscript and proofreading, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University for equipment support and technical help, all durian plantation owners for providing research materials, and The Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand (SAST) for financial support. This research is supported by the Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology, Science and Technology Postgraduate Education and Research Development Office, Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok, Thailand.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

    Supawadee Phetkhajone, Aussanee Pichakum & Wisuwat Songnuan

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

    Umaporn Siriwattanakul & Nussara Putaporntip

  3. Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

    Umaporn Siriwattanakul & Wisuwat Songnuan

  4. Center of Excellence On Agricultural Biotechnology: (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand

    Umaporn Siriwattanakul & Wisuwat Songnuan

Authors
  1. Supawadee Phetkhajone
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  2. Umaporn Siriwattanakul
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  3. Nussara Putaporntip
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  4. Aussanee Pichakum
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  5. Wisuwat Songnuan
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Contributions

Supawadee Phetkhajone: Conducted experimental research, Data collection and analysis, Writing – original draft, compose figures, revised, and edited. Umaporn Siriwattanakul: Writing – review and editing. Nussara Putaporntip: Writing – review and editing. Aussanee Pichakum: Conceptualization, Supervision analyses – advice on experimental design. Wisuwat Songnuan: Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, reviewed and edited manuscript as corresponding author. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Wisuwat Songnuan.

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Phetkhajone, S., Siriwattanakul, U., Putaporntip, N. et al. Bioassay for validation of metalaxyl persistence to control Phytophthora palmivora infection in durian. Trop. plant pathol. 49, 209–217 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-023-00621-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-023-00621-5

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