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Sensitivity to tebuconazole and carbendazim in Fusarium graminearum species complex populations causing wheat head blight in southern Brazil

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Abstract

Field trials where fungicides have been applied for Fusarium head blight (FHB) control were established and monitored in 17 municipalities in the Guarapuava region, Southern Paraná, Brazil, during four years (2011 to 2014). A total of 227 isolates belonging to the Fusarium graminearum species complex were obtained from symptomatic wheat heads. The majority of the 227 isolates (64%) were of the 15-(A)cetyl-deoxynivalenol (DON), 29% of the nivalenol (NIV) and 4% of the 3-ADON genotype. A random sample of 35 isolates was selected to determine the effective concentration of tebuconazole and carbendazim that reduces 50% of the mycelial growth (EC50). The estimated means of the EC50 ranged from 0.0004 to 3.0 and from 0.91 to 2.65 μg/ml for tebuconazole and carbendazim, respectively. Isolates of the 15-ADON genotype were less sensitive to tebuconazole compared to NIV + 3ADON. Evidence of lower sensitivity for both fungicides were detected. Discriminatory doses (carbendazim = 1.4 μg/ml and tebuconazole = 2.0 μg/ml) were used to screen the entire population (n = 227) for less-sensitive isolates. In the 2011–2014 population, four tebuconazole-less sensitive (2%) and nine carbendazim-less sensitive (4%) isolates were found, all originating from Guarapuava. A contemporary sample of isolates from 2018 to 2020 (n = 42) obtained from the same region were screened using the discriminatory doses. The frequency of the less-sensitive isolates increased over time from 2 and 4% to 24 and 95% for tebuconazole and carbendazim, respectively. Control efficacy was generally lower in plants inoculated with less-sensitive isolates. Greater number of less-sensitive individuals were recovered from plants inoculated with a mixture with a sensitive isolate and sprayed with either fungicide. The presence of less sensitive isolates suggest that selection may be associated with the frequent reports of decline in control efficacy for both fungicides tested in this study.

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Data availability

The data and R codes used for the analysis of the data are available at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/6AZSN

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Programa de Pós-graduação em Fitopatologia (UFV) and CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) for providing a graduate scholarship to F. J. Machado and for a research fellowship for Dauri J. Tessmann, Eduardo S. G. Mizubuti and E. M. Del Ponte. We thank FAPEMIG (Fundação de Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais) for the financial support (APQ—03945-16).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil

    Franklin J. Machado, Gabriel F. Paiva, Eduardo S. G. Mizubuti & Emerson M. Del Ponte

  2. Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil

    Cleiltan N. Silva & Dauri J. Tessmann

  3. Fundação Agrária de Pesquisa Agropecuária – FAPA, Guarapuava, PR, 85139-400, Brazil

    Heraldo R. Feksa

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  1. Franklin J. Machado
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Contributions

Conceptualization: F.J.M, E.M.D, and D.J.T.; methodology: F.J.M., E.S.G.M. and E.M.P.; investigation: F.J.M., C.N.S., G.F.P., D.J.T., E.S.G.M. and E.M.P.; statistical analysis: F.J.M., C.N.S., G.F.P., D.J.T., E.S.G.M. and E.M.P.; writing—original draft preparation: F.J.M. and E.M.P.; writing—review and editing: F.J.M., C.N.S., G.F.P., D.J.T., E.S.G.M. and E.M.P.; supervision: E.M.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Emerson M. Del Ponte.

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Machado, F.J., Silva, C.N., Paiva, G.F. et al. Sensitivity to tebuconazole and carbendazim in Fusarium graminearum species complex populations causing wheat head blight in southern Brazil. Trop. plant pathol. 49, 157–167 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-023-00616-2

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