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Disease reaction of cacao progenies following inoculation with the cacao swollen shoot Togo B virus (CSSTBV) under field conditions

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Abstract

The level of tolerance in 13 cacao progenies to cacao swollen shoot disease (CSSD) was assessed in a field trial. Variations were found among the progenies in CSSD severity 24 months post inoculation, with relative treatment effects ranging from 0.382 in T65/238 × RB49 to 0.573 in PA7 x Pound10. Based on disease severity rating, the three most tolerant progenies were derived from crosses using the clone T65/238 as female (i.e.T65/238 × RB49, T65/238 × IMC60, and T65/238 × C-SUL7), while PA7 x Pound10, T85/799 × P30 and PA150 x GU341H, were the three most sensitive. A strong negative correlation was found between latent period and CSSD severity among progenies (r =—0.88; p < 0.01; n = 13), an indication that latent period tended to be longer for tolerant progenies. None of the non-inoculated trees of AMAZ15-15 × EQX78 and T65/238 × RB49 exhibited symptoms of CSSD 24 months after inoculation of the source plants. For the other progenies, the odds of observing symptoms of the disease in non-inoculated progenies was significantly lower in T65/238 × IMC60, T65/238 × CRG9006, T65/326 × C-SUL7 and IMC60 x RB49 but higher in T60/887 × GU225V compared with a reference progeny. Differences were observed in the number of mealybug colonies preferred by the different progenies, with majority of the tolerant progenies harboring lower numbers compared with the sensitive ones. Although leaf chlorophyll content and fluorescence decreased, variation among progenies existed only in fluorescence following cacao swollen shoot Togo B virus (CSSTBV) infection. The outcome of this study largely supports the generally held view that cocoa varieties with Upper Amazon origin have superior CSSD resistance/tolerance genes. However, progenies derived from crosses of clone T65/238 (Upper Amazon background) with specific Lower Amazon males (RB49 and C-SUL7) were among the most tolerant.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are immensely grateful to Rashied Bin-Hakhiem, Adolf Boakye Yiadom, Bernard Armooh, Samuel Oduro, Samuel Osabutey, Joshua Addo, Isaac Beni and Richard Banini, all staff of the Plant Pathology and Entomology Divisions of CRIG, for technical support. The authors also wish to express their profound gratitude to Silas Wintuma Avicor and Amos Quaye, all of CRIG for their contribution in shaping the manuscript. The authors also wish to thank Curt Doetkott, a consulting statistician at the Information Technology Services, North Dakota State University, and Dr. Frank Owusu-Ansah of CRIG for analyzing portions of the data. This manuscript (CRIG/04/2023/040/008) is published with the permission of the Executive Director of CRIG.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Eastern Region, Ghana

    O. Domfeh, G. A. Ameyaw, G. K. Awudzi, A. Arthur, A. Ofori, E. Anokye, E. A. Gyamera & F. K. Padi

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  1. O. Domfeh
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  2. G. A. Ameyaw
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  3. G. K. Awudzi
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  4. A. Arthur
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  5. A. Ofori
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  6. E. Anokye
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  7. E. A. Gyamera
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  8. F. K. Padi
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Contributions

Trial conception, data collection and writing of the manuscript were by OD with inputs from GAA and EAG. GKA, A.A and E.A collected entomological, soil and physiological data, respectively. AO and FKP supplied the cacao progenies and provided inputs in the writing of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to O. Domfeh.

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Domfeh, O., Ameyaw, G.A., Awudzi, G.K. et al. Disease reaction of cacao progenies following inoculation with the cacao swollen shoot Togo B virus (CSSTBV) under field conditions. Trop. plant pathol. 48, 703–712 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-023-00615-3

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