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Fungicide sensitivity of Colletotrichum isolates and efficacy in controlling persimmon anthracnose

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Abstract

To control persimmon anthracnose, fungicides are applied from flowering until fruit harvest. Systemic fungicides registered for this crop are mainly from the group of quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) and demethylation inhibitors (DMIs), both presenting risks for resistance development. For this reason, sensitivity studies and fungicide efficacy tests are important to determine the levels of sensitivity of isolates from different Colletotrichum spp. from persimmon to fungicides. The objectives of this work were: (i) to investigate the sensitivity of Colletotrichum isolates obtained from persimmon twigs and flowers to registered and non-registered active ingredients; (ii) to evaluate the cross-resistance of Colletotrichum spp. among tested fungicide groups; and (iii) to test the efficacy of fungicides in controlling anthracnose on immature and mature detached fruit. There were differences between Colletotrichum spp. in levels of sensitivity to the active ingredients evaluated, with C. horii isolates being more sensitive to site-specific fungicides than C. chrysophilum, C. nymphaeae and C. melonis. There was a high risk of cross-resistance for the active ingredients of the QoIs, medium risk for the DMIs and multisite compounds, and low risk for the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs). Negative cross-resistance correlation was observed for anilopyrimidines (APs). Anthracnose control in immature and mature fruit ex vivo varied between products. In general, isolates recovered from both twigs and flowers were sensitive to the fungicides tested. The SDHI fungicides were efficient in controlling Colletotrichum in the in vitro assay, appearing as an alternative to be tested in the control of the disease. Difenoconazole-based fungicides and mixed formulations of QoI and DMI were the most effective for controlling persimmon anthracnose both for immature and mature fruit.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financed in part by the ‘Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil’ (CAPES) and Finance Code 001. Co-author Louise Larissa received research fellowships from National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)/Brazil (306907/2017-8). The authors would like to thank the laboratory team of Dr. Themis J. Michailides for excellent technical assistance, Dr. Walmes M. Zeviani for statistical analyses assistance, and Dr. Jhulia Gelain from Clemson University for assistance with English language editing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua Dos Funcionários 1540, Curitiba, PR, 80035-050, Brazil

    Thiago de Aguiar Carraro & Louise Larissa May De Mio

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, University of California – Davis/Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, 9240 S. Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA, 93648, USA

    Paulo dos Santos Faria Lichtemberg & Themis J. Michailides

  3. Field Solutions, Bayer Crop Science, 266 S Monroe Ave, Fresno, CA, 93720, USA

    Paulo dos Santos Faria Lichtemberg

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  1. Thiago de Aguiar Carraro
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  4. Louise Larissa May De Mio
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Contributions

Thiago de Aguiar Carraro conducted the experiments, investigation, analyzed the data, and wrote the first draft of manuscript. Dr. Paulo dos Santos Faria Lichtemberg contributed to the study design, conceptualization, and reviewing and editing of the manuscript. Dr. Themis J. Michailides contributed to the visualization and reviewed the manuscript. Dr. Louise Larissa May De Mio contributed to the conceptualization, supervised the research, analyzed the data, and reviewed the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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de Aguiar Carraro, T., dos Santos Faria Lichtemberg, P., Michailides, T.J. et al. Fungicide sensitivity of Colletotrichum isolates and efficacy in controlling persimmon anthracnose. Trop. plant pathol. 49, 104–119 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-023-00594-5

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