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Weeds are survival niches of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in São Paulo state, Brazil

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Abstract

Weeds play an important role in agricultural ecosystems, as they host pathogens such as Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), causal agent of brassica black rot. For Brazilian conditions, there is little information about Xcc host species, which motivated this study. Asymptomatic and symptomatic weeds were collected during 2017 and 2018, in six brassica cultivation fields in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, to detect the presence Xcc in the phyllosphere and identify host weeds. The endophytic survival of Xcc strain 3098C was also evaluated in four experiments in a greenhouse, with 23 weed species from 14 botanical families. In the brassica fields, Xcc was recovered from the phyllosphere of 25 weed species, however the frequencies of recovery varied between the species evaluated. Plants of Bidens pilosa (hairy beggarticks), Coronopus didymus (lesser swinecress), Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier), Ipomoea nil (whiteedge morning-glory), Lepidium virginicum (virginia pepperweed), Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish), Raphanus sativus (cultivated radish) and Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) were identified as symptomatic hosts of Xcc. In the greenhouse, Xcc was recovered from all the weed species evaluated, however the average survival periods varied between 5 and 42 days. Based on the results, it is recommended to control Amaranthus spp., Bidens spp., Commelina spp., C. didymus, Cyperus spp., Emilia fosbergii, Euphorbia heterophylla, G. parviflora, Ipomoea spp., Leonurus sibiricus, L. virginicum, Nicandra physalodes, Portulaca oleracea, R. raphanistrum, R. sativus, Oxalis oxyptera, Solanum americanum and S. oleraceus in areas with brassica cultivation and a history of black rot.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The first author thanks the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) for granting the doctoral scholarship and for the financial support (grant: 2017/13822-0). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA), Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Avenida Universitária, 3780, 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

    João César Lourencetti da Silva, Daniele Maria do Nascimento, Luana Laurindo de Melo, Letícia Rodrigues Oliveira, Karine Teles Girotto, José Marcelo Soman & Antonio Carlos Maringoni

  2. Departamento de Ciências da Produção Agrícola, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV/UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil

    Tadeu Antônio Fernandes da Silva Júnior

  3. Centro Universitário Sagrado Coração (UNISAGRADO), Rua Irmã Arminda, 10-50, 17011-160, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil

    Vilson Eburneo Junior

  4. Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA), Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Avenida Universitária, 3780, 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

    Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori

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  1. João César Lourencetti da Silva
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  2. Tadeu Antônio Fernandes da Silva Júnior
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  9. Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori
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  10. Antonio Carlos Maringoni
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by JCLS, TAFS, DMN, LLM, LRO, KTG, VEJ, JMS, MMPS and ACM. The first draft of the manuscript was written by JCLS and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to João César Lourencetti da Silva.

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da Silva, J.C.L., da Silva Júnior, T.A.F., do Nascimento, D.M. et al. Weeds are survival niches of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in São Paulo state, Brazil. Trop. plant pathol. 48, 631–643 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-023-00578-5

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