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Root and crown rot pathogens found on dry beans grown in Mozambique

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Abstract

Dry edible beans are a vital food source in Mozambique, East Africa—one that alleviates hunger and malnutrition and adds value to the economy. In recent years, root/crown rot (RCR) pathogens have emerged as limiting constraints in dry bean production. Not much has been characterized concerning the causal agents of RCR in Mozambique. The purpose of this study was to identify the primary pathogen(s) associated with RCR dry bean samples collected at breeder nursery sites and farmer fields in Mozambique using molecular sequencing and culture-based methods. Sequencing revealed, not surprisingly, an increased diversity of fungal/oomycete operational taxonomic units when compared to culture-based methods oof diversity. Species of Fusarium, mainly F. oxysporum, were the dominant taxa detected in RCR dry beans through sequencing the ITS rDNA region and partial EF-1α gene. Collectively, 333 fungi and/or Oomycetes were isolated in culture during the 2014–2015 growing seasons and tested for pathogenicity on healthy bean seedlings. Fusarium species were identified by both morphological and molecular characters. At least 60% of the isolates inoculated on common bean were recognized as potentially pathogenic. From both isolation frequency and pathogenicity testing, F. oxysporum and related species play an important role in the bean RCR complex. We found similar results from dry beans grown in the two main bean-growing regions of Mozambique. These findings will allow breeders to screen for resistance to F. oxysporum in greenhouse grown bean plants as well as within field grown bean cultivars.

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Data availability

The data sets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the following data repository: https://github.com/HerrLab/Fernandes_et_al_2019.

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Acknowledgements

We recognize the help of many regional farmers, most notably R. Joseph, J. Tenga, and E. Langa, as well as many whom remain anonymous, in the field identification and collection of beans with RCR symptoms. We acknowledge the help of Edgar Nieto who provided recommendations on heatmap visualization tools using the R statistical framework. We also want to thank the anonymous reviewers who provided feedback and comments on the initial submission of this manuscript.

Funding

This work was completed using the Holland Computing Center of the University of Nebraska, which receives support from the Nebraska Research Initiative. JRS recognizes funding from USDA-NIFA (Grant #11172136) which directly supported this research. JRH acknowledges funding from the US National Air & Space Administration (Grant #80NSSC17K0737), the US National Science Foundation (EPSCoR Grant #1557417), and US National Institute of Justice (Grant #2017-IJ-CX-0025), as well as start-up funding from the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division and the University of Nebraska Office of Research and Economic Development, which indirectly supported this research through the support of research facilities. The funding agencies had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.

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Author notes

  1. Suzanna Fernandes & Celestina Jochua

    Present address: Directorate of Agronomy and Natural Resources (DARN), The Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique (IIAM), Maputo, Mozambique

  2. Graciela Godoy-Lutz

    Present address: Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Agropecurarias y Forestales (IDIAF), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

  3. Suzanna Fernandes and Graciela Godoy-Lutz contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA

    Suzanna Fernandes, Graciela Godoy-Lutz, Celestina Jochua, James R. Steadman & Joshua R. Herr

  2. Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA

    Carlos Urrea

  3. Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA

    Kent Eskridge

  4. Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA

    Joshua R. Herr

  5. Genetics, Cell, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA

    Joshua R. Herr

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Contributions

GG-L, CJ, CU, KE, JRS, and JRH were involved in planning and supervised the work; SF, CJ, and GG-L performed the experiments; GG-L and JRH processed the experimental data and designed the figures; SF, GG-L, JRS, and JRH drafted the manuscript. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Joshua R. Herr.

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Fernandes, S., Godoy-Lutz, G., Jochua, C. et al. Root and crown rot pathogens found on dry beans grown in Mozambique. Trop. plant pathol. 46, 294–310 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-021-00422-8

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