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The Effect of Coronary Atherosclerosis on Radial Pressure Wave: A Cross-Sectional Observational Clinical Study

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Abstract

Purpose

This research focuses on developing new ways to monitor coronary artery disease (CAD), the leading type of cardiovascular disease, which requires more straightforward, safer, and more continuous tracking methods along with angiography, the gold standard method. This need arises due to the high risk, cost, and the large number of people living with undiagnosed CAD. The study explores the use of the intrinsic frequency (IF) method, a promising but underutilized technique in the realm of CAD monitoring, to investigate its effectiveness in identifying CAD through the analysis of radial pressure wave patterns.

Method

The radial pressure waves, alongside major CAD risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, family history, age, and sex) were analyzed in 100 patients undergoing angiography. The IF method was utilized to evaluate the dynamics of heart and arterial system function, focusing on specific IF indices that reflect vasculature health level.

Result

The results, validated through T-tests, reveal notable alterations in specific IF indices among CAD patients: \({{\varvec{\omega}}}_{2}\) shows a significant increase with a mean of 82.5 bpm in CAD versus 41.56 bpm in non-CAD cases. Similarly, \({\varvec{\Delta}}{\varvec{\omega}}\) displays a significant decrease with a mean of 15.73 bpm in CAD compared to 49.02 bpm in non-CAD individuals. Conversely, \({{\varvec{\omega}}}_{1}\) demonstrates minimal variance between CAD and non-CAD groups.

Conclusion

This study underscores the potential of IF indices, particularly \({{\varvec{\omega}}}_{2}\) and \({\varvec{\Delta}}{\varvec{\omega}}\), as markers for severe CAD cases and strongly advocate for the integration of continuous monitoring strategies via modern technology in healthcare, such as smartwatches in CAD management.

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Data availability

The Radial pressure wave data that support the findings of this study are available in Zenodo with the identifier. https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.11011983

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge gratefully all patients and staffs of Rajaiee heart Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA

    Anooshirvan Mahdavian

  2. School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14399-57131, Tehran, Iran

    Anooshirvan Mahdavian

  3. Department of Engineering Science, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Fahim

  4. Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Reza Arefizadeh & Seyyed Hossein Mousavi

Authors
  1. Anooshirvan Mahdavian
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  2. Ali Fahim
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  4. Seyyed Hossein Mousavi
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Anooshirvan Mahdavian, Ali Fahim, Reza Arefizadeh, and Seyyed Hossein Mousavi. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Anooshirvan Mahdavian and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ali Fahim.

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Competing Interests

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. Also the Data of Radial Pressure wave are available in Zenodo with the identifier https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.11011983.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 18 KB)

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Mahdavian, A., Fahim, A., Arefizadeh, R. et al. The Effect of Coronary Atherosclerosis on Radial Pressure Wave: A Cross-Sectional Observational Clinical Study. J. Med. Biol. Eng. 44, 181–190 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40846-024-00867-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40846-024-00867-7

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