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Effect of Omitting Offset Work on Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Comparison Between Keyboard and Voice Response

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Abstract

Purpose

When examining cerebral activity, it is important to decrease a subject’s fatigue with an appropriate task design that also maintains data quality. This study evaluated how well devices designed to reduce fatigue would affect functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data.

Method

A WOT-100 10-channel wearable fNIRS system was used to study the prefrontal areas of thirteen healthy volunteers. The stimulation task was a consistent incongruent Stroop test, but with two variations. First, the subjects’ answers could be delivered either by vocalization or keyboard output. Second was whether or not there was an offset such as simple finger movements or vocalization during control periods. Four sessions using both variations were performed. The relative changes of fNIRS data during the stimulation periods were used as a marker for cerebral activity.

Results

There was only a significant difference in two channels (Channel 3: p = 0.040, Channel 9: p = 0.022) when voice output was used.

Conclusion

The result might have been due to voice output being generated from the temporal area, near the prefrontal area. We found that the omission of offset with keyboard output might be possible as there was only a small effect, but offset with voice output is necessary.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Megumi Isoda, Wakana Nomura, and Yuna Yoshizawa for their help with the fNIRS examination, Sota Nakaya for assistance with programing, and Akira Iiduka for schedule coordination.

Funding

This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid (C) (KAKENHI: JP16K01497) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Science, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan. The funder had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan

    Senichiro Kikuchi, Yusuke Nishizawa, Kenji Tsuchiya & Kaori Shimoda

  2. Department of Statistical Modelling, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8562, Japan

    Fumikazu Miwakeichi

  3. Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan

    Hiroki Mori

  4. Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, 2-51-4, Higashiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 170-8445, Japan

    Hideaki Tamai

  5. Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan

    Masaki Nishida

Authors
  1. Senichiro Kikuchi
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  2. Yusuke Nishizawa
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  3. Kenji Tsuchiya
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  4. Kaori Shimoda
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  5. Fumikazu Miwakeichi
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  6. Hiroki Mori
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  7. Hideaki Tamai
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  8. Masaki Nishida
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Contributions

SK designed the study, drafted the manuscript, and programmed the key-input version of the stimulation program. YN, KT and KS participated in the experiments, analyzed near-infrared spectroscopy and behavioral data, and helped draft the manuscript. FM programmed the script for MATLAB to process the oxygenated hemoglobin waveforms data, and provided statistical information. HM programmed the voice-input version of the stimulation program, and helped arrange the experiment room environment. HT and MN provided advice for the design of and supervised the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Senichiro Kikuchi.

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Conflict of interest

All the authors declared that they have no conflictt of interest.

Ethical Approval

The study was approved by the Gunma University Ethical Review Board for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (HS2017-241).

Informed Consent

All of the subjects gave written informed consent to participate. All of the subjects gave written informed consent for publication.

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Cite this article

Kikuchi, S., Nishizawa, Y., Tsuchiya, K. et al. Effect of Omitting Offset Work on Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Comparison Between Keyboard and Voice Response. J. Med. Biol. Eng. 40, 899–907 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40846-020-00563-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40846-020-00563-2

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