Abstract
Traditional accurate radiotherapy includes accurate positioning, planning and delivery. With the development of adaptive radiotherapy techniques, it is necessary to accurately verify the dose delivered during and after the treatment. Based on the general demands in traditional accurate radiotherapy, a whole course of Four-Accuracies Radiotherapy was proposed, including accurate planning, accurate positioning, accurate delivery and accurate verification to guarantee an excellent match between the dose received by the patient and the expected dose. Furthermore, an accurate radiotherapy system KylinRay was developed to provide solutions for radiotherapy including Intensity-modulated Accurate Radiotherapy System (KylinRay-IMRT), Image-guided Accurate Positioning and Tracking System (KylinRay-IGRT), Dynamic Multi-Leaf Collimator System (KylinRay-DMLC), and Dose-guided Real-time Verification System (KylinRay-DGRT). In this paper, the architecture of KylinRay and each sub-system and the key technologies are introduced, and the key technologies are tested with international standards and clinical cases. The verification and validation results indicated that the function and performance of KylinRay can meet the needs of clinical practice.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Tian, Y., & Zhang, H. (2016). Advances of technology in radiation oncology. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases, 5(4), 287–291.
Wang, J. Z., Li, J. B., Wang, W., Qi, H. P., Ma, Z. F., Zhang, Y. J., et al. (2015). Changes in tumour volume and motion during radiotherapy for thoracic oesophageal cancer. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 114(2), 201–205.
Lee, Y. K., Kim, A. T., Zhao, P., & Karotki, A. (2015). Practical dose delivery verification of craniospinal IMRT. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, 16(6), 76–83.
Yi-Can, W. U., Jia, L. I., Lan, H. Y., Meng, Y., Zheng, H. Q., Jin, C. F., et al. (2007) Development of Accurate/Advanced Radiotherapy Treatment Planning and Quality Assurance System (ARTS). In: The 13th national nuclear physics conference of china, 2007 (pp. 177–182).
Lin, H., Wu, Y., & Chen, Y. (2006). ‘A finite size pencil beam for IMRT dose optimization’–a simpler analytical function for the finite size pencil beam kernel. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 51(6), 13–15.
Jia, J., Xu, G., Pei, X., Cao, R., Hu, L., & Wu, Y. (2015). Accuracy and efficiency of an infrared based positioning and tracking system for patient set-up and monitoring in image guided radiotherapy. Infrared Physics & Technology, 69, 26–31.
Tao, S., Wu, A., Wu, Y., Chen, Y., & Zhang, J. (2006). Patient Set-up in Radiotherapy with Video-based Positioning System. Clinical Oncology, 18(4), 363.
Cao, R., Pei, X., Zheng, H., Hu, L., & Wu, Y. (2014). Direct aperture optimization based on genetic algorithm and conjugate gradient in intensity modulated radiation therapy. Chinese Medical Journal (English Edition), 127(23), 4152–4153.
Wang, J., Pei, X., Cao, R., Hu, L., & Wu, Y. (2015). A multiphase direct aperture optimization for inverse planning in radiotherapy. Nuclear technology (English Edition), 26(1), 48–53.
Cao, R., Wu, Y., Pei, X., Jing, J., Li, G., Cheng, M., et al. (2011). Multi-objective optimization of inverse planning for accurate radiotherapy. Chinese Physics C (English Edition), 35(3), 313–317.
Wu, Y., Cheng, M., Wang, W., et al. (2018). Development of Chinese Female Computational Phantom Rad-Human and Its Application in Radiation Dosimetry Assessment. Nuclear Technology, 201(2), 155–164.
Jing, J., Fang, L., Qiang, R., Xi, P., Ruifen, C., & Yican, W. (2012). Flexible integration of key technologies in image-guided radiotherapy for accurate radiotherapy system. Paper presented at the 54th 2012 American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), Charlotte, NC, USA.
Dong, W., Xi, P., Ruifen, C., & Yican, W. (2012). Research and development of control software of multi-leaf Collimator. Chinese Journal of Medical Physics, 29(4), 3523–3527.
Yan, J. L., Wang, D., Cao, R. F., et al. (2013). The design of leaf control module of multi-leaf collimator based on C8051F023. Science Technology and Engineering, 13(12), 3401–3420.
Qiang, R., Cao, R., Pei, X., Bingbing, L., Liqin, H., & Yi-Can, W. U. (2015). A method for direct conversion of EPID images to incident fluence for dose reconstruction. Nuclear technology (English Edition), 26(5), 27–32.
Wu, Y., Song, J., Zheng, H., Sun, G., Hao, L., Long, P., et al. (2015). CAD-based Monte Carlo program for integrated simulation of nuclear system SuperMC. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 82, 161–168.
Pei, X., Cao, R. F., Jing, J., Cheng, M. Y., Zheng, H. Q., Jia, L. I., et al. (2011). A Method of Segment Weight Optimization for Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy. Nuclear Physics Review, 28(1), 103–108.
Jia, J., Huang, S., Liu, F., Ren, Q., Li, G., Cheng, M., et al. (2011). Automatic 2D/2D registration using multiresolution pyramid based mutual information in image guided radiation therapy. International Journal of Engineering & Natural Sciences, 80, 964.
Ezzell, G. A., Burmeister, J. W., Dogan, N., Losasso, T. J., Mechalakos, J. G., Mihailidis, D., et al. (2009). IMRT commissioning: Multiple institution planning and dosimetry comparisons, a report from AAPM Task Group 119. Medical Physics, 36(11), 5359.
Low, D. A., Harms, W. B., Mutic, S., & Purdy, J. A. (1998). A technique for the quantitative evaluation of dose distributions. Medical Physics, 25(5), 656.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11605233 and 11405204), the Anhui Provincial Special project for the High Technology Industry and the Industrialization Fund. In addition, the authors appreciate the other members of the FDS Team for their support of this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, Y., Hu, L., Long, P. et al. Development and Validation of an Adaptive Accurate Radiotherapy System KylinRay. J. Med. Biol. Eng. 39, 498–507 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40846-018-0429-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40846-018-0429-3