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g-C3N4-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts

g-C3N4基S型异质结光催化剂

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Abstract

With the vigorous progress of industrialization, energy shortage and environmental contamination emerge increasingly serious. Photocatalysis technology is known as a hopeful approach to resolving the above crises owing to its numerous prominent advantages and widespread applications. Among various photocatalysts, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been broadly applied in fields of fuel production and environment purification because of its unique electronic structure, extreme thermal stability, and prominent photoelectrical activity. However, single-component g-C3N4, similar to other photocatalysts, usually suffer from low photocatalytic efficiency due to the fact that single-constituent photocatalysts cannot synchronously equip with strong redox abilities of photogenerated charges and high light energy utilization. Fortunately, constructing Step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunctions between g-C3N4 with other semiconductor photocatalysts can simultaneously overcome the typical shortcomings of low light energy utilization, rapid recombination, and weak redox abilities of carriers, thus prominently boosting its catalytic reaction rate. In view of the currently extensive reports of g-C3N4-based S-scheme heterojunctions, this review presents a relatively comprehensive comment on the latest research progress of the background, the proposal of conception, fundamental theory, design and preparation, characterization methods of g-C3N4-based S-scheme heterojunctions. Additionally, various applications of g-C3N4-based S-scheme heterojunctions have been detailly illustrated through example discussion and list comparison, involving photocatalytic H2 generation, CO2 reduction, H2O2 evolution, pollutant degradation, and others. Finally, the research progress and shortcomings of g-C3N4-based S-scheme heterojunctions are summarized, and the future research direction is prospected.

摘要

随着工业化的蓬勃发展, 能源短缺和环境污染日益严重, 威胁到人类的生存. 光催化技术因其诸多突出优点和广泛的应用前景被认为是解决能源和环境危机最有前途的技术之一. 在众多光催化剂中, 石墨氮化碳(g-C3N4)以其独特的电子结构、较高的热稳定性和突出的光电活性, 在清洁燃料生产和环境净化领域得到广泛应用. 然而, 单组分g-C3N4与其他光催化剂一样, 不可能同时拥有高的太阳能利用效率和强氧化还原能力的光生电荷, 导致其光催化效率较低. 幸运的是, g-C3N4与另一半导体构建异质结可以同时克服太阳能利用效率低、载流子重组快、氧化还原能力弱的缺点, 从而显著提高其光催化性能. 鉴于目前g-C3N4基S型异质结的广泛研究, 本文对g-C3N4基S型异质结研究背景、概念提出、基本理论、设计制备、表征方法等方面的最新研究进展进行了较全面的综述. 此外, 通过实例讨论和列表比较详细讨论了g-C3N4基S型异质结的各种应用, 包括光催化制H2、还原CO2、降解污染物、生产H2O2. 最后, 总结了g-C3N4基S型异质结当前的研究进展和不足, 并对未来的研究方向进行了展望.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22302061 and 22075072), Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2022CFC060), and the Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (Q20212502).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China

    Xinhe Wu  (吴新鹤), Lihong Tan  (谭丽红), Guoqiang Chen  (陈郭强), Jiayue Kang  (康佳乐) & Guohong Wang  (王国宏)

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  1. Xinhe Wu  (吴新鹤)
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  2. Lihong Tan  (谭丽红)
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  3. Guoqiang Chen  (陈郭强)
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  5. Guohong Wang  (王国宏)
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Contributions

Author contributions Wu X provided the overall concept, and wrote and revised the manuscript; Tan L and Chen G prepared the figures and tables; Kang J downloaded and organized the literature; Wang G wrote and revised the manuscript. All authors contributed to the general discussion.

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Correspondence to Xinhe Wu  (吴新鹤) or Guohong Wang  (王国宏).

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Xinhe Wu received his BS and MS degrees from Hubei Normal University and Wuhan University of Technology, respectively, and his PhD degree in materials science and engineering in 2021 from Wuhan University of Technology. In 2023, he became an associate professor at Hubei Normal University. Moreover, he was selected into the Chutian Scholars Talent Program of Hubei Province. His scientific interests are in semiconductor photocatalysis such as photocatalytic hydrogen production, CO2 reduction to hydrocarbon fuels, and the degradation of antibiotics.

Guohong Wang received his BS and MS degrees in chemical technology from East China University of Science and Technology and Wuhan University of Science and Technology, respectively, and his PhD degree in materials physics and chemistry in 2008 from Wuhan University of Technology. In 2013, he became a professor at Hubei Normal University. His current research interests include semiconductor photocatalysis, photocatalytic hydrogen production, and CO2 reduction to hydrocarbon fuels.

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Wu, X., Tan, L., Chen, G. et al. g-C3N4-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts. Sci. China Mater. 67, 444–472 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-023-2755-2

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