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TiO2-based S-scheme photocatalysts for solar energy conversion and environmental remediation

用于能源转化和环境修复的TiO2 基梯型异质结光催 化剂

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Abstract

Solar-driven semiconductor photocatalysis technology is deemed to be a potential strategy to alleviate environmental crisis and energy shortage. Thus, the exploration of high-efficiency photocatalysts is the key to promoting the development and practical application of photocatalysis technology. As a typical photocatalyst, TiO2 has gained extensive attention because of its superb stability, environmental-friendliness, and low price. However, the rapid photo-induced carrier recombination, inadequate light absorption, and insufficient reduction capacity are still the major drawbacks that significantly hamper its photocatalytic performance. Fortunately, the above shortcomings can concurrently overcome by constructing TiO2-based step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction photocatalysts with other semiconductors, during which the respective advantages can not only achieve significant spatial carrier separation and robust light-harvesting ability but also preserve the strong redox capacities. Herein, this review presents the latest development in improving the photocatalytic performance of TiO2via the S-scheme heterojunction. Specifically, the classification of TiO2-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts has been detailly described, mainly including metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, organic semiconductors, and other semiconductors. Then, we summarize the current research progress of TiO2-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts in photocatalytic H2 evolution, CO2 reduction, H2O2 production, and pollutant degradation. Simultaneously, various characterization strategies for understanding the photo-induced carrier transfer pathway are also reviewed. Finally, we propose several drawbacks and future prospects in the development of TiO2-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts. It presents an insight into constructing high-efficiency TiO2-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for energy conversion and environmental remediation.

摘要

太阳能驱动的半导体光催化技术被认为是缓解能源短缺和环境污染的潜在策略. 因此, 探索高效的光催化剂是推动光催化技术发展和实际应用的关键. 作为一种典型的半导体光催化剂, TiO2 因其化学稳定、环境友好、成本低廉等特性而备受关注. 然而, TiO2 光生载流子的快速复合、光吸收范围窄以及还原能力不足等缺点严重阻碍了其光催化性能. 通过将TiO2 与其他半导体复合以构建梯型异质结可以有效的解决上述问题. 在此光催化体系中, 梯型异质结不仅可以整合各组分的优点, 实现光生载流子的有效分离和光捕获能力的增强, 而且还能保留最强的氧化还原能力. 基于此, 本文综述了利用构建梯型异质结来提高 TiO2 光催化性能的最新研究进展, 着重介绍了TiO2 基梯型异质结光催化剂的分类, 主要包括金属氧化物、金属硫属化物、有机半导体和其他类型半导体. 在此基础上, 本文还总结了TiO2 基梯型异质结光催化剂在析氢、CO2 还原、H2O2 生成和污染物降解等领域中的应用. 同时, 为了更好地理解光生载流子的转移途径, 本文还简要介绍了梯型异质结的一些表征方法. 最后, 对TiO2 基梯型异质结光催化剂所面临的问题和未来的发展方向进行了展望. 综上, 本文旨在为构建用于能源转换和环境修复的高效TiO2 基梯型异质结光催化剂提供参考.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52202102 and 51972180), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2019BB030 and ZR2020ME082), the Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province (2021KJ056), the Science Fund of Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai (AMGM2023F13 and AMGM2021F05), the Undergraduate Training Program on Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Shandong Province (S202210431016) and the Science, Education and Industry Integration of Basic Research Projects of Qilu University of Technology (2023PY022).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, Jinan Engineering Laboratory for Multi-scale Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China

    Baolong Zhang  (张宝龙), Bin Sun  (孙彬), Fangxuan Liu  (刘方璇), Tingting Gao  (高婷婷) & Guowei Zhou  (周国伟)

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  1. Baolong Zhang  (张宝龙)
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  2. Bin Sun  (孙彬)
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  3. Fangxuan Liu  (刘方璇)
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  4. Tingting Gao  (高婷婷)
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  5. Guowei Zhou  (周国伟)
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Contributions

Author contributions Sun B and Zhou G proposed the theme and outline of the manuscript. Zhang B and Liu F collected the relevant information about the manuscript. Zhang B wrote the first draft. Sun B, Gao T, and Zhou G revised the manuscript. All authors discussed, commented, and supervised on the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Bin Sun  (孙彬) or Guowei Zhou  (周国伟).

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Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Baolong Zhang is pursuing a Master degree at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology. His research focuses on the controllable preparation of S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts and their applications to photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Bin Sun received his PhD degree in 2018 from the State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University. Now he is an associate professor at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology. His research interest is mainly focused on the controlled synthesis of low-dimensional nanostructured materials for energy conversion and environmental remediation applications.

Guowei Zhou received his BS, MS, and PhD degrees at Shandong University (1986, 1989 and 2001). He carried out postdoctoral research at Pukyong National University (2012-2013) and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (2015-2016). He is currently a Professor at Qilu University of Technology. His research interests include the controlled synthesis and hierarchical assembly mesostructure functional materials with specific morphology and the application of ordered mesoporous materials for catalysis, and energy conversion and storage.

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Zhang, B., Sun, B., Liu, F. et al. TiO2-based S-scheme photocatalysts for solar energy conversion and environmental remediation. Sci. China Mater. 67, 424–443 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-023-2754-8

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