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Reduction in the temperature coefficient of photovoltaic efficiency in all-polymer solar cells using molecular order

降低全聚合物太阳能电池光伏效率的温度依赖性

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Abstract

Controlling the phase morphology of photoactive layers toward satisfactory charge transport with reduced energetic disorder is the key to obtaining targeted efficiencies in organic solar cells (OSCs). On the basis of an all-polymer model system, i.e., PM6/PYF-T-o, we investigated the effects of phase morphology on temperature-dependent charge carrier transport and photovoltaic behavior in all-polymer solar cells prepared through a layer-by-layer (LBL) process. The combined in-situ spectroscopic and morphological analyses reveal that the formation of a fibril structure during the self-assembly of donor molecules and the favorable pure phase of a polymeric acceptor component could promote charge transport. Such morphological features reduce the thermal activation energy (Ea) for the carriers. The LBL-processed PM6/PYF-T-o solar cells exhibit a surprisingly small temperature coefficient of power conversion efficiency (PCE), i.e., upon cooling the device to 215 K, the PCE remains at 94.0% of the value at ambient room temperature (RT = 298 K) (PCE of 15.65% at 215 K and 16.70% at RT). This study offers an attractive approach for mediating carrier transport and photovoltaic performance in OSCs toward applications in a temperature-variable environment.

摘要

全聚合物太阳能电池(All-PSCs)具有良好的机械稳定性和热稳 定性, 受到人们的广泛关注. 目前, 提高全聚合物太阳能电池性能的关 键是改善活性层的形貌. 本文通过逐层(LBL)工艺, 优化了薄膜形貌, 实 现了更好的电荷产生和传输, 增加了激子扩散长度, 提高了电荷产量并抑制了复合损失. 此外, 本文进一步研究了LBL制备的全聚合物太阳 能电池中的激子/电荷行为与温度的依赖性关系. 详细的原位光谱测量 和光电特性表征表明, 独特的形态延长了激子寿命, 减少了电荷陷阱并促进了电荷传输和收集. 因此, 准双层PM6/PYF-T-o器件的能量转换 效率(PCE)显著提高(16.70%). 此外, 与BHJ器件相比, 通过LBL工艺制备 的器件, 实现了增强的分子有序性, 降低了能级混乱度, 使得器件填充 系数和PCE温度依赖性减弱. 本工作为太阳能电池在温度可变环境下 的电荷传输行为和光伏性能提供了新的认识, 也为其实际应用提供了 理论依据.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22279003 and 21875012).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China

    Weichao Zhang  (张伟超), Rongshen Yang  (杨镕申), Yaochang Yue  (乐耀昌), Shilin Li  (李世麟) & Yuan Zhang  (张渊)

  2. Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China

    Qian Cheng  (程倩), Yingyu Zhang  (张莹玉), Jianqi Zhang  (张建齐), Linge Xiao  (肖林格) & Huiqiong Zhou  (周惠琼)

  3. National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Guo Yao  (姚果) & Chunfeng Zhang  (张春峰)

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  1. Weichao Zhang  (张伟超)
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Contributions

Author contributions Zhou H and Zhang Y proposed this research and guided the project. Zhang W designed and performed the experiments and drafted the original manuscript. Yang R and Yue Y participated in temperature related testing characterization. Cheng Q performed the PL measurement and analyzed the results. Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xiao L and Li S performed the morphology measurement and analyzed the results. Yao G and Zhang C performed the TA measurement and analyzed the results. Zhang Y revised the manuscript. All authors contributed to the general discussion.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Huiqiong Zhou  (周惠琼) or Yuan Zhang  (张渊).

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Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Supplementary information Experimental details and supporting data are available in the online version of the paper.

Weichao Zhang received his Master’s degree from the Inner Mongolia Normal University in 2021. He is currently a PhD student under the supervision of Prof. Yuan Zhang at the School of Chemistry, Beihang University. His research interest focuses on the fabrication and characterization of organic solar cells.

Yuan Zhang received his PhD degree from the University of Groningen, Netherlands in 2010. From 2011 to 2015, he conducted postdoctoral research at the University of California, Santa Barbara, in the United States. Currently, he serves as a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Chemistry, Beihang University. His research interests are focused on the physics of organic semiconductor devices and the exploration of optoelectronic conversion materials, including photovoltaics, field-effect transistors, photodetection, and electroluminescence (i.e., organic light-emitting diode).

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Supporting Information: Reduction in the Temperature Coefficient of Photovoltaic Efficiency in All-Polymer Solar Cells Using Molecular Order

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Zhang, W., Yang, R., Yue, Y. et al. Reduction in the temperature coefficient of photovoltaic efficiency in all-polymer solar cells using molecular order. Sci. China Mater. 67, 47–57 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-023-2672-7

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