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Prussian blue assembled on graphene oxide for enhanced capacitive deionization and water disinfection

氧化石墨烯包埋普鲁士蓝复合物的高效电容去离子和水消毒研究

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Abstract

Capacitive deionization (CDI) with water disinfection materials is an energy-efficient technology for the simultaneous desalination and bio-decontamination of brackish water. However, desalination capacity is always limited by the mechanism of ion electrosorption within the electrical double layer. Recently, the water disinfection ability of CDI has been demonstrated through the functionalization of electrode materials with antimicrobial compounds. To achieve highly efficient and low-cost capacitive deionization and disinfection (CDID) performance, we propose a facile strategy for the fabrication of a graphene oxide/polyaniline/Prussian blue (GO/PANI/PB) nanocomposite. This nanocomposite exhibits a high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (148.08 m2 g−1), mesopore volume (34.02 cm3 g−1), and pore volume (0.66 cm3 g−1), making it suitable as a Faradaic electrode in the CDI and CDID systems. The obtained GO/PANI/PB electrode exhibits a high desalination capacity of 91.6 mg g−1 and superior desalination ratio of 3.05 mg g−1 min−1 at 1 A g−1. Furthermore, the GO/PANI/PB electrode has a bacterial (Escherichia coli) removal and inactivation efficiency of 94.0% ± 3.1% without the use of other disinfectants. This is ∼7 times higher than the antibacterial efficiency of active carbon electrodes under the same CDI conditions. The proposed strategy is the first to exploit simultaneous deionization and disinfection without using disinfectants, offering the potential of using PB-based Faradaic electrodes for eco-friendly and high-efficiency water desalination and disinfection in future CDID technology.

摘要

具有除菌性能的电容去离子材料对于制备高效节能同时具备脱 盐和抗微生物污染功能的电极材料至关重要, 然而由于双电层电吸附 机制的影响, 多数碳基材料的吸附容量受到限制. 同时, 近年来部分研 究学者通过对电极材料进行抗菌化合物的修饰并用于电容法水除菌已 得到证明. 因此为了实现高效、低成本的同时实现电容脱盐和除菌, 本 研究提出了一种简便的方法制备氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺/普鲁士蓝纳米复 合材料作为类法拉第电极用于电容去离子和水消毒应用. 所合成的电 极材料具有较高的B E T 表面积(148.08 m2 g−1) 、介孔体积 (34.02 cm3 g−1)和孔体积(0.66 cm3 g−1), 在1 A g−1下的脱盐容量为 91.6 mg g−1, 脱盐率为3.05 mg g−1 min−1. 此外, 在未添加额外消毒剂的 情况下, 该复合材料所制备的电极能有效去除和灭活94.0% ± 3.1%的大 肠杆菌, 其杀菌效率是活性炭电极的7倍. 本研究对未来将普鲁士蓝基 复合材料的法拉第电极用于高效环保海水淡化和消毒材料的应用奠定了研究基础.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0207202), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52073230), the Joint Research Funds of Department of Science & Technology of Shaanxi Province and Northwestern Polytechnical University (2020GXLH–Z–013), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an, 710072, China

    Nan Li  (李南), Panyu Ren  (任攀宇), Ke Wang  (王科), Atif Saleem, Nian Liu  (刘念), Luofeng Yu  (余骆峰) & Peng Li  (李鹏)

  2. School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an, 710072, China

    Miao Tian  (田苗)

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  1. Nan Li  (李南)
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Contributions

Author contributions Li N and Ren P conceived and conducted the experiments, and they analyzed the data with support from Li P; Tian M gave some comments and reviewed the paper; Wang K helped with the TEM and SEM measurements; Saleem A, Liu N, and Yu L analyzed some data; Li P supervised the project; Li N wrote the paper with support from Li P. All authors contributed to the general discussion.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peng Li  (李鹏).

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Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Supplementary information Experimental details and supporting data are available in the online version of the paper.

Nan Li received her MS and PhD degrees from Shaanxi Normal University in 2016 and 2019, respectively. Since 2020, she has worked as a post-doc researcher at the Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU). Her research interests include the synthesis and characterization of organic/inorganic micro-nanomaterials, the separation and enrichment of biological and environmental samples, and capacitive water treatment.

Panyu Ren received her Master’s degree from NPU in 2021. She then started her PhD at Leibniz Institute in Germany. Her research interests focus on the selective ion separation by CDI-based technologies.

Peng Li obtained his PhD degree from Nanyang Technological University (NTU) in Singapore. He then worked as a post-doc researcher at NTU. He is currently a professor and works at NPU. His research covers the synthesis, design, and advanced application of antibacterial materials, the design of medical optoelectronic functional molecules and photodynamic therapy, flexible electronic material and device fabrication, and water purification technology.

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40843_2023_2667_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Supplementary Information: Prussian blue assembled on graphene oxide for enhanced capacitive deionization and water disinfection

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Li, N., Ren, P., Tian, M. et al. Prussian blue assembled on graphene oxide for enhanced capacitive deionization and water disinfection. Sci. China Mater. 67, 143–152 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-023-2667-5

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