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High-entropy alloys in water electrolysis: Recent advances, fundamentals, and challenges

高熵合金在水电解中的研究进展、基础与挑战

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Abstract

As a clean energy carrier, hydrogen energy has become part of the global clean energy strategy and one of the necessary routes to achieve global carbon neutrality. Driven by renewable electricity, water electrolysis promises to be an ideal long-term hydrogen production method that can realize net zero carbon emissions. Compared with conventional alloys, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have much more catalytic active sites due to their unique structural features including occupation disorder and lattice ordering. They have various promising applications in the field of hydrolysis catalysts. Herein, in this review, the mechanisms of electrolysis of water, catalytic principles of HEAs in hydrolysis processes and latest research progress of HEAs as water electrolysis catalysts are summarized. We also provide perspectives on the difficulties and potential linked to novel HEA design approaches in this attractive sector, with a focus on the connection between both the surface morphology and the catalysis activity. The compositions and possible applications of HEAs in water electrolysis and other emerging fields are outlined.

摘要

氢能作为一种清洁能源, 已成为全球能源战略的重要组成部分,也是实现全球“碳中和”的必要途径之一. 在可再生电力的驱动下, 水电解法有望成为实现“零碳”排放的一种理想的长期制氢方法. 与传统合金相比, 高熵合金由于其独特的结构特征, 包括占位无序和晶格有序,可提供更多的催化活性位点. 它们在水解催化剂领域具有广泛的应用前景. 本文综述了电解水的机理、水解过程中高熵合金的催化原理, 以及高熵合金作为电解水催化剂的最新研究进展. 总结了新型高熵合金设计方面存在的难点及其应用潜力, 重点讨论了高熵合金在水解催化过程中表面形态和催化活性之间的联系. 最后归纳了高熵合金的组成调控及其在水电解等新兴领域的可能应用前景.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22075211, 21601136, 51971157, and 51621003), and Tianjin Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (19JCJQJC61800).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China

    Quan Zhang  (张泉), Kang Lian  (廉康) & Jun Luo  (罗俊)

  2. MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, School of Resource, Environments and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China

    Kang Lian  (廉康) & Xijun Liu  (刘熙俊)

  3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China

    Gaocan Qi  (齐高璨)

  4. College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China

    Shusheng Zhang  (张书胜)

  5. Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China

    Qian Liu  (刘倩)

  6. Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland

    Yang Luo  (罗扬)

  7. Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China

    Yang Luo  (罗扬)

  8. ShenSi Lab, Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518110, China

    Jun Luo  (罗俊)

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  1. Quan Zhang  (张泉)
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  2. Kang Lian  (廉康)
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  3. Gaocan Qi  (齐高璨)
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  4. Shusheng Zhang  (张书胜)
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  5. Qian Liu  (刘倩)
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  6. Yang Luo  (罗扬)
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  7. Jun Luo  (罗俊)
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  8. Xijun Liu  (刘熙俊)
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Contributions

The original idea was conceived by Zhang Q, Lian K, and Liu X. The manuscript was drafted by Zhang Q, Lian K, Qi G, Zhang S, Liu Q, Luo Y, Luo J, and Liu X. All authors discussed and commented on the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Gaocan Qi  (齐高璨), Yang Luo  (罗扬) or Xijun Liu  (刘熙俊).

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Quan Zhang is a doctoral student at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology. He received a bachelor degree in material forming and control engineering from Shandong University of Technology in 2015, and a Master degree in material processing engineering from Yanshan University in 2018. His research interests focus on high-entropy alloys for electrocatalysis.

Gaocan Qi received his PhD degree from the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University in 2014. His research interest mainly focuses on the surface chemistry of low-dimensional materials, including molecule/ion adsorption, energy regulation and catalytic reaction.

Yang Luo received his double PhD degrees in chemical technology from Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences and in applied physics from the City University of Hong Kong (CityU, 2020). He is particularly interested in researching environmental and energy materials, green chemical technologies, and wearable electronics. He has completed previous postdoctoral and early-career (SNSF) research at the University of Hong Kong and Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa). He is currently a Research Scientist at ETH Zürich (Marie Sklodowska-Curie actions Seal of Excellence) and a Honorary Research Associate at CityU.

Xijun Liu received his PhD degree from the College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology in 2014. Then, he joined the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology. Currently, he is a full time professor at the School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University. His current scientific interests focus on nanomaterials, heterogeneous catalysis, and materials design for catalysts and energy conversion/storage.

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Zhang, Q., Lian, K., Qi, G. et al. High-entropy alloys in water electrolysis: Recent advances, fundamentals, and challenges. Sci. China Mater. 66, 1681–1701 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-022-2379-8

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