Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Controlled synthesis of highly stable lead-free bismuth halide perovskite nanocrystals: Structures and photophysics

高稳定性铋基钙钛矿纳米晶的可控合成: 结构和光物 理性质

  • Articles
  • Published:
Science China Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recently, cesium bismuth halide perovskites have emerged as potential substitutes to their counterparts, cesium lead halide perovskites, owing to their low toxicity. However, the photophysics of cesium-bismuth halides nanocrystals (NCs) have not yet been fully rationalized because their structures remain highly debated. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption along with other photophysical properties such as the nature and lifetime of the excited states vary considerably across the previous reports. Here, we successfully synthesize pure Cs3BiBr6 and Cs3Bi2Br9 NCs via a modified hot-injection method, where the structure can be easily controlled by tuning the reaction temperature. The UV-vis absorption spectrum of the pure Cs3Bi2Br9 NCs features two characteristic peaks originating from the absorption of the first exciton and second exciton, respectively, which ultimately clarifies the debate in the previous reports. Using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, we systematically investigate the excited state dynamics of the Cs3Bi2Br9 NCs and reveal that the photoexcited carriers undergo a self-trapping process within 3 ps after excitation. More intriguingly, the Cs3Bi2Br9 NCs prepared by this method show much better photostability than those prepared by the ligand-assisted reprecipitation process. Photodetectors based on these Cs3Bi2Br9 NCs show a sensitive light response, demonstrating the definite potential for breakthrough optoelectronic applications.

摘要

铋基钙钛矿因毒性低成为铅基钙钛矿的潜在替代品. 目前, 对铋 基钙钛矿纳米晶的化学组成、晶体结构以及光物理过程的研究还缺乏 系统性. 特别地, 紫外-可见吸收光谱和激发态载流子动力学, 在已发表 的论文中存在相当大的争议. 在本文中, 我们通过热注入法成功地合成 了纯相的Cs3BiBr6和Cs3Bi2Br9纳米晶, 并通过调节热注入的温度来精确 控制二者的化学组成和结构. 在此基础上, 系统研究了不同形貌和不同 尺寸的Cs3Bi2Br9纳米晶的紫外-可见吸收光谱, 澄清了在这方面存在的 争议. 采用飞秒瞬态吸收光谱系统研究了Cs3Bi2Br9纳米晶的激发态载 流子动力学, 结果表明载流子在被激发后的3 ps内会发生一个自捕获过 程. 与配体辅助再沉积法相比, 用热注入法制备的Cs3Bi2Br9纳米晶具有 更好的光稳定性. 基于Cs3Bi2Br9纳米晶的光电探测器具有灵敏的光响 应, 显示出其在光电探测方面的应用潜力.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Dey A, Ye J, De A, et al. State of the art and prospects for halide perovskite nanocrystals. ACS Nano, 2021, 15: 10775–10981

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Liu XK, Xu W, Bai S, et al. Metal halide perovskites for light-emitting diodes. Nat Mater, 2021, 20: 10–21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang X, Bao Z, Chang YC, et al. Perovskite quantum dots for application in high color gamut backlighting display of light-emitting diodes. ACS Energy Lett, 2020, 5: 3374–3396

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Wang HC, Bao Z, Tsai HY, et al. Perovskite quantum dots and their application in light-emitting diodes. Small, 2018, 14: 1702433

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Green MA, Ho-Baillie A, Snaith HJ. The emergence of perovskite solar cells. Nat Photon, 2014, 8: 506–514

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Rong Y, Hu Y, Mei A, et al. Challenges for commercializing perovskite solar cells. Science, 2018, 361: eaat8235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Xu X, Qian W, Xiao S, et al. Halide perovskites: A dark horse for direct X-ray imaging. EcoMat, 2020, 2: 1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bera D, Qian L, Tseng TK, et al. Quantum dots and their multimodal applications: A review. Materials, 2010, 3: 2260–2345

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Wei H, Fang Y, Mulligan P, et al. Sensitive X-ray detectors made of methylammonium lead tribromide perovskite single crystals. Nat Photon, 2016, 10: 333–339

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Akkerman QA, Rainò G, Kovalenko MV, et al. Genesis, challenges and opportunities for colloidal lead halide perovskite nanocrystals. Nat Mater, 2018, 17: 394–405

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Song J, Li J, Li X, et al. Quantum dot light-emitting diodes based on inorganic perovskite cesium lead halides (CsPbX3). Adv Mater, 2015, 27: 7162–7167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Li X, Wu Y, Zhang S, et al. CsPbX3 quantum dots for lighting and displays: Room-temperature synthesis, photoluminescence superiorities, underlying origins and white light-emitting diodes. Adv Funct Mater, 2016, 26: 2435–2445

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Lin J, Lai M, Dou L, et al. Thermochromic halide perovskite solar cells. Nat Mater, 2018, 17: 261–267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Nedelcu G, Protesescu L, Yakunin S, et al. Fast anion-exchange in highly luminescent nanocrystals of cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I). Nano Lett, 2015, 15: 5635–5640

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Conings B, Drijkoningen J, Gauquelin N, et al. Intrinsic thermal instability of methylammonium lead trihalide perovskite. Adv Energy Mater, 2015, 5: 1500477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Babayigit A, Ethirajan A, Muller M, et al. Toxicity of organometal halide perovskite solar cells. Nat Mater, 2016, 15: 247–251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Jellicoe TC, Richter JM, Glass HFJ, et al. Synthesis and optical properties of lead-free cesium tin halide perovskite nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc, 2016, 138: 2941–2944

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Stoumpos CC, Frazer L, Clark DJ, et al. Hybrid germanium iodide perovskite semiconductors: Active lone pairs, structural distortions, direct and indirect energy gaps, and strong nonlinear optical properties. J Am Chem Soc, 2015, 137: 6804–6819

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. McCall KM, Stoumpos CC, Kostina SS, et al. Strong electron-phonon coupling and self-trapped excitons in the defect halide perovskites A3M2I9 (A = Cs, Rb; M = Bi, Sb). Chem Mater, 2017, 29: 4129–4145

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhou L, Xu YF, Chen BX, et al. Synthesis and photocatalytic application of stable lead-free Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskite nanocrystals. Small, 2018, 14: 1703762

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Jin Z, Zhang Z, Xiu J, et al. A critical review on bismuth and antimony halide based perovskites and their derivatives for photovoltaic applications: Recent advances and challenges. J Mater Chem A, 2020, 8: 16166–16188

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Lian L, Zhai G, Cheng F, et al. Colloidal synthesis of lead-free all-inorganic cesium bismuth bromide perovskite nanoplatelets. Cryst-EngComm, 2018, 20: 7473–7478

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Bator G, Baran J, Jakubas R, et al. Raman studies of structural phase transition in Cs3Bi2Br9. Vibal Spectr, 1998, 16: 11–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Deng F, Zhang J, Wu S, et al. Growth and optical properties of lead-free Cs3Bi2Br9 perovskite microplatelets. Phys Status Solidi (B), 2022, 259: 2100593

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Yang B, Chen J, Hong F, et al. Lead-free, air-stable all-inorganic cesium bismuth halide perovskite nanocrystals. Angew Chem, 2017, 129: 12645–12649

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhang Y, Yin J, Parida MR, et al. Direct-indirect nature of the bandgap in lead-free perovskite nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett, 2017, 8: 3173–3177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Li X, Zhang P, Hua Y, et al. Ultralow detection limit and robust hard X-ray imaging detector based on inch-sized lead-free perovskite Cs3Bi2Br9 single crystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2022, 14: 9340–9351

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Dai Y, Tüysüz H. Rapid acidic media growth of Cs3Bi2Br9 halide perovskite platelets for photocatalytic toluene oxidation. Sol RRL, 2021, 5: 2100265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kim SY, Park DA, Park NG. Synthetic powder-based thin (<0.1 µm) Cs3Bi2Br9 perovskite films for air-stable and viable resistive switching memory. ACS Appl Electron Mater, 2022, 4: 2388–2395

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Bass KK, Estergreen L, Savory CN, et al. Vibronic structure in room temperature photoluminescence of the halide perovskite Cs3Bi2Br9. Inorg Chem, 2017, 56: 42–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Creutz SE, Liu H, Kaiser ME, et al. Structural diversity in cesium bismuth halide nanocrystals. Chem Mater, 2019, 31: 4685–4697

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Leng M, Yang Y, Zeng K, et al. All-inorganic bismuth-based perovskite quantum dots with bright blue photoluminescence and excellent stability. Adv Funct Mater, 2018, 28: 1704446

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Cao Y, Zhang Z, Li L, et al. An improved strategy for high-quality cesium bismuth bromine perovskite quantum dots with remarkable electrochemiluminescence activities. Anal Chem, 2019, 91: 8607–8614

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Lou Y, Fang M, Chen J, et al. Formation of highly luminescent cesium bismuth halide perovskite quantum dots tuned by anion exchange. Chem Commun, 2018, 54: 3779–3782

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Yang H, Cai T, Liu E, et al. Synthesis and transformation of zero-dimensional Cs3BiX6 (X = Cl, Br) perovskite-analogue nanocrystals. Nano Res, 2020, 13: 282–291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Nelson RD, Santra K, Wang Y, et al. Synthesis and optical properties of ordered-vacancy perovskite cesium bismuth halide nanocrystals. Chem Commun, 2018, 54: 3640–3643

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Protesescu L, Yakunin S, Bodnarchuk MI, et al. Nanocrystals of cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, and I): Novel optoelectronic materials showing bright emission with wide color gamut. Nano Lett, 2015, 15: 3692–3696

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Wang A, Yan X, Zhang M, et al. Controlled synthesis of lead-free and stable perovskite derivative Cs2SnI6 nanocrystals via a facile hot-injection process. Chem Mater, 2016, 28: 8132–8140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Lee D, Kim MH, Woo HY, et al. Heating-up synthesis of cesium bismuth bromide perovskite nanocrystals with tailored composition, morphology, and optical properties. RSC Adv, 2020, 10: 7126–7133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Tang Y, Liang M, Chang B, et al. Lead-free double halide perovskite Cs3BiBr6 with well-defined crystal structure and high thermal stability for optoelectronics. J Mater Chem C, 2019, 7: 3369–3374

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Momma K, Izumi F. VESTA 3 for three-dimensional visualization of crystal, volumetric and morphology data. J Appl Crystlogr, 2011, 44: 1272–1276

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Tran MN, Cleveland IJ, Aydil ES. Resolving the discrepancies in the reported optical absorption of low-dimensional non-toxic perovskites, Cs3Bi2Br9 and Cs3BiBr6. J Mater Chem C, 2020, 8: 10456–10463

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Leng M, Yang Y, Chen Z, et al. Surface passivation of bismuth-based perovskite variant quantum dots to achieve efficient blue emission. Nano Lett, 2018, 18: 6076–6083

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Gao M, Zhang C, Lian L, et al. Controlled synthesis and photostability of blue emitting Cs3Bi2Br9 perovskite nanocrystals by employing weak polar solvents at room temperature. J Mater Chem C, 2019, 7: 3688–3695

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Wang T, Daiber B, Frost JM, et al. Indirect to direct bandgap transition in methylammonium lead halide perovskite. Energy Environ Sci, 2017, 10: 509–515

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Bai T, Yang B, Chen J, et al. Efficient luminescent halide quadruple-perovskite nanocrystals via trap-engineering for highly sensitive photodetectors. Adv Mater, 2021, 33: 2007215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Liu Z, Bekenstein Y, Ye X, et al. Ligand mediated transformation of cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals to lead depleted Cs4PbBr6 nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc, 2017, 139: 5309–5312

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Rossi D, Wang H, Dong Y, et al. Light-induced activation of forbidden exciton transition in strongly confined perovskite quantum dots. ACS Nano, 2018, 12: 12436–12443

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Li Y, Lai R, Luo X, et al. On the absence of a phonon bottleneck in strongly confined CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals. Chem Sci, 2019, 10: 5983–5989

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Akkerman QA, Nguyen TPT, Boehme SC, et al. Controlling the nucleation and growth kinetics of lead halide perovskite quantum dots. Science, 2022, 377: 1406–1412

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Price MB, Butkus J, Jellicoe TC, et al. Hot-carrier cooling and photo-induced refractive index changes in organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites. Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 8420

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Tamming RR, Butkus J, Price MB, et al. Ultrafast spectrally resolved photoinduced complex refractive index changes in CsPbBr3 perovskites. ACS Photonics, 2019, 6: 345–350

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Nah S, Spokoyny BM, Soe CMM, et al. Ultrafast imaging of carrier cooling in metal halide perovskite thin films. Nano Lett, 2018, 18: 1044–1048

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Chen J, Messing ME, Zheng K, et al. Cation-dependent hot carrier cooling in halide perovskite nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc, 2019, 141: 3532–3540

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Stoumpos CC, Soe CMM, Tsai H, et al. High members of the 2D Ruddlesden-Popper halide perovskites: Synthesis, optical properties, and solar cells of (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3NH3)4Pb5I16. Chem, 2017, 2: 427–440

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Alvarez SLG, Riel CB, Madani M, et al. Morphology-dependent one- and two-photon absorption properties in blue emitting CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett, 2022, 13: 4897–4904

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Yang B, Han K. Charge-carrier dynamics of lead-free halide perovskite nanocrystals. Acc Chem Res, 2019, 52: 3188–3198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Liu C, Wang Y, Geng H, et al. Asynchronous photoexcited electronic and structural relaxation in lead-free perovskites. J Am Chem Soc, 2019, 141: 13074–13080

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Dong Y, Zou Y, Song J, et al. Recent progress of metal halide perovskite photodetectors. J Mater Chem C, 2017, 5: 11369–11394

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Sun Z, Aigouy L, Chen Z. Plasmonic-enhanced perovskite-graphene hybrid photodetectors. Nanoscale, 2016, 8: 7377–7383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Wang T, Fang T, Li X, et al. Controllable transient photocurrent in photodetectors based on perovskite nanocrystals via doping and interfacial engineering. J Phys Chem C, 2021, 125: 5475–5484

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Sergiu Levcenco for his careful proofreading of the manuscript and valuable comments. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFA0309300), the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (20JCZDJC00560 and 20JCJQJC00210), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, 11974191 and 12127803), the 111 Project (B07013), and the “Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”, Nankai University (91923139, 63213040, C029211101, C02922101, and ZB22000104). We acknowledge DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for the provision of experimental facilities. Parts of this research were carried out at Petra III beamline P64. Lin W and Zou X acknowledge the Chinese Scholarship Council for their PhD scholarship.

Author information

Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China

    Huifang Geng  (耿慧芳), Zhuanzhuan Huang  (黄转转), Siyu Liu  (刘思宇), Lifu Zhang  (张丽芙), Zhenpeng Hu  (胡振芃) & Xuewen Fu  (付学文)

  2. Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Huaxiu Geng  (耿华修)

  3. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany

    Maria A. Naumova

  4. Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, IT-56126, Pisa (PI), Italy

    Raffaele Salvia

  5. Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China

    Siqi Chen  (陈司淇), Junli Wei  (韦钧励) & Mingjian Yuan  (袁明鉴)

  6. Chemical Physics and Nano Lund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden

    Xianshao Zou  (邹贤劭), Weihua Lin  (林伟华) & Kaibo Zheng  (郑凯波)

  7. Binhai College, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300270, China

    Xinyi Cai  (蔡欣怡)

  8. Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    Xi Shen  (沈希) & Richeng Yu  (于日成)

  9. Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

    Kaibo Zheng  (郑凯波) & Sophie E. Canton

  10. Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China

    Xuewen Fu  (付学文)

Authors
  1. Huifang Geng  (耿慧芳)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhuanzhuan Huang  (黄转转)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Huaxiu Geng  (耿华修)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Siyu Liu  (刘思宇)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Maria A. Naumova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Raffaele Salvia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Siqi Chen  (陈司淇)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Junli Wei  (韦钧励)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Lifu Zhang  (张丽芙)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Xianshao Zou  (邹贤劭)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Weihua Lin  (林伟华)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Xinyi Cai  (蔡欣怡)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Mingjian Yuan  (袁明鉴)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. Zhenpeng Hu  (胡振芃)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. Xi Shen  (沈希)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. Richeng Yu  (于日成)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. Kaibo Zheng  (郑凯波)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  18. Sophie E. Canton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  19. Xuewen Fu  (付学文)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Author contributions Fu X and Geng HF conceived the research project. Geng HF, Huang Z, Geng HX, Liu S, Naumova MA, Salvia R, Chen S, and Wei J did the experimental measurements. Zhang L did the computation. Geng HF and Huang Z proceeded with data analysis and wrote the manuscript with input from Fu X and Canton SE. All the authors contributed to the discussion and revision of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Kaibo Zheng  (郑凯波), Sophie E. Canton or Xuewen Fu  (付学文).

Additional information

Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Supplementary information

Experimental details and supporting data are available in the online version of the paper.

Huifang Geng is currently working as a postdoctoral fellow at the School of Physics, Nankai University. She obtained her PhD degree from Beihang University in 2017. She was a postdoctoral fellow at the Extreme Light Infrastructure Attosecond Light Pulse Source (ELI-ALPS), Hungary from 2017 to 2020. Her research interest includes the synthesis of metal halide perovskite nanocrystals, and their charge carrier dynamics, lattice structure dynamics, and in-situ stability.

Zhuanzhuan Huang is pursuing her PhD degree in condensed matter physics at the School of Physics, Nankai University. Her research interest focuses on halide perovskite quantum dots and the in-situ photostability of halide perovskite by 4D ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM).

Kaibo Zheng obtained his PhD degree in 2010 from the Department of Materials Science, Fudan University. Then, he joined the Chemical Physics Division at Lund University, Sweden, as a postdoctoral fellow. He is currently a senior researcher in chemical physics at Lund University and dual affiliated as a senior researcher at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark. His research interest includes the structure and photophysics of semiconductors and perovskite quantum dots as light harvesters.

Sophie E. Canton obtained her PhD degree in 2004 from the Physics Department at Western Michigan University. Then, she joined the Chemical Physics Division at Lund University, Sweden, as a postdoctoral fellow. She is currently a visiting professor at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark. Her research interest includes the study of photoconversion processes in molecular systems and nanomaterials for green energy production.

Xuewen Fu is a professor of physics at Nankai University. He obtained his PhD degree from Peking University in 2014. He was a postdoc in Prof. Zewail’s group at Caltech from 2014–2017, followed by a research associate at Brookhaven National Laboratory from 2017–2019. His research area is 4D UEM with an emphasis on physical/chemical properties and ultrafast dynamics of low-dimensional materials by in-situ electron microscopy, 4D UEM, and ultrafast optical spectroscopy.

Electronic Supplementary Material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Geng, H., Huang, Z., Geng, H. et al. Controlled synthesis of highly stable lead-free bismuth halide perovskite nanocrystals: Structures and photophysics. Sci. China Mater. 66, 2079–2089 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-022-2299-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-022-2299-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation