Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Panchromatic photomultiplication-type organic photodetectors with planar/bulk heterojunction structure

平面/体异质结结构全色倍增型有机光电探测器

  • Articles
  • Published:
Science China Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Broadband organic photodetectors (OPDs) can be integrated into various wearable devices and show great application potential in health monitoring and other fields. Here, we demonstrated high-performance broadband photomultiplication-type OPDs (PM-OPDs) based on MoO3 trapping electron-assisted hole tunneling injection mechanism with small-molecule lead (II) phthalocyanine (PbPc) and C70 fullerene as the donor and acceptor, respectively. In order to control the crystal phase structure formed by PbPc molecules, we prepared PbPc:C70 bulk heterojunction (BHJ) and PbPc/C70 planar heterojunction (PHJ) devices. It can be seen that the PHJ device exhibits stronger near-infrared (NIR) absorption characteristics, which is more conducive to the formation of the triclinic phase structure of the PbPc molecule. We further prepared flat panchromatic PM-OPDs in the range of 300–1000 nm by using materials (PbPc and SubPc) with absorption complementary characteristic as the active layers and PHJ/BHJ hybrid heterojunction structure. The external quantum efficiency of the resulting panchromatic PM-OPDs exceeds 1000% in the whole spectral response range under −8 V reverse bias. Finally, we prepared flexible panchromatic PM-OPDs on polyethylene terephthalate substrate and successfully realized the detection of the human pulse signal. This work provides a new strategy for obtaining high-performance panchromatic PM-OPDs by designing device structures and selecting appropriate materials.

摘要

宽带有机光电探测器(OPDs)可以集成到各种可穿戴设备中, 在健康监测等领域显示出巨大的应用潜力. 这里, 我们以酞菁铅(PbPc)和富勒烯(C70)小分子分别作为给体和受体, 基于MoO3俘获电子辅助空穴隧道注入的机制实现了高性能宽带倍增型有机光电探测器(PMOPDs). 为了控制PbPc分子的晶相结构, 我们分别制备了PbPc:C70体异质结(BHJ)和PbPc/C70平面异质结(PHJ)器件. 可以看出, PHJ器件表现出更强的近红外吸收特性, 即更有利于PbPc分子形成三斜相结构. 我们进一步使用具有吸收互补特性的材料(PbPc和SubPc)作为有源层, 采用PHJ/BHJ混合异质结结构, 制备了在300–1000 nm范围内平坦的全色PM-OPDs. 在−8 V反向偏压下, 制得的全色PM-OPDs在整个光谱响应范围内的外量子效率都超过1000%. 最后, 我们在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯基板上制备了柔性全色PM-OPDs, 并成功地实现了人体脉搏信号的检测. 本文通过设计器件结构和选择合适的材料, 为获得高性能全色PM-OPDs提供了一种新策略.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Liu X, Lin Y, Liao Y, et al. Recent advances in organic near-infrared photodiodes. J Mater Chem C, 2018, 6: 3499–3513

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ren H, Chen JD, Li YQ, et al. Recent progress in organic photodetectors and their applications. Adv Sci, 2021, 8: 2002418

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang C, Zhang X, Hu W. Organic photodiodes and phototransistors toward infrared detection: Materials, devices, and applications. Chem Soc Rev, 2020, 49: 653–670

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Yang D, Ma D. Development of organic semiconductor photodetectors: From mechanism to applications. Adv Opt Mater, 2019, 7: 1800522

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Yang W, Qiu W, Georgitzikis E, et al. Mitigating dark current for high-performance near-infrared organic photodiodes via charge blocking and defect passivation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2021, 13: 16766–16774

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Rauch T, Böberl M, Tedde SF, et al. Near-infrared imaging with quantum-dot-sensitized organic photodiodes. Nat Photon, 2009, 3: 332–336

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Huang J, Lee J, Vollbrecht J, et al. A high-performance solution-processed organic photodetector for near-infrared sensing. Adv Mater, 2020, 32: 1906027

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Wu Z, Yao W, London AE, et al. Temperature-dependent detectivity of near-infrared organic bulk heterojunction photodiodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017, 9: 1654–1660

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Liu J, Jiang J, Wang S, et al. Fast response organic tandem photodetector for visible and near-infrared digital optical communications. Small, 2021, 17: 2101316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Gielen S, Kaiser C, Verstraeten F, et al. Intrinsic detectivity limits of organic near-infrared photodetectors. Adv Mater, 2020, 32: 2003818

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhao Z, Liu B, Xie C, et al. Highly sensitive, sub-microsecond polymer photodetectors for blood oxygen saturation testing. Sci China Chem, 2021, 64: 1302–1309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Xie B, Chen Z, Ying L, et al. Near-infrared organic photoelectric materials for light-harvesting systems: Organic photovoltaics and organic photodiodes. InfoMat, 2020, 2: 57–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Li Q, Guo Y, Liu Y. Exploration of near-infrared organic photodetectors. Chem Mater, 2019, 31: 6359–6379

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Li N, Mahalingavelar P, Vella JH, et al. Solution-processable infrared photodetectors: Materials, device physics, and applications. Mater Sci Eng-R-Rep, 2021, 146: 100643

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Menke SM, Pandey R, Holmes RJ. Tandem organic photodetectors with tunable, broadband response. Appl Phys Lett, 2012, 101: 223301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Wang Y, Siegmund B, Tang Z, et al. Stacked dual-wavelength near-infrared organic photodetectors. Adv Opt Mater, 2021, 9: 2001784

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Strassel K, Kaiser A, Jenatsch S, et al. Squaraine dye for a visibly transparent all-organic optical upconversion device with sensitivity at 1000 nm. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018, 10: 11063–11069

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kim JH, Liess A, Stolte M, et al. An efficient narrowband near-infrared at 1040 nm organic photodetector realized by intermolecular charge transfer mediated coupling based on a squaraine dye. Adv Mater, 2021, 33: 2100582

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Li L, Zhang F, Wang J, et al. Achieving EQE of 16,700% in P3HT: PC71BM based photodetectors by trap-assisted photomultiplication. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 9181

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Yang K, Zhao Z, Liu M, et al. Highly sensitive broadband photomultiplication type all-polymer photodetectors and their applications in optical pulse counting. J Mater Chem C, 2022, 10: 10888–10894

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Liu M, Fan Q, Yang K, et al. Broadband photomultiplication-type polymer photodetectors and its application in light-controlled circuit. Sci China Chem, 2022, 65: 1642–1649

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Zhao Z, Liu B, Xu C, et al. Highly stable photomultiplication-type organic photodetectors with single polymers containing intramolecular traps as the active layer. J Mater Chem C, 2022, 10: 7822–7830

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Guo F, Yang B, Yuan Y, et al. A nanocomposite ultraviolet photodetector based on interfacial trap-controlled charge injection. Nat Nanotech, 2012, 7: 798–802

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Wang J, Chen SC, Yin Z, et al. Broadband organic photodetectors based on ternary blend active layers with enhanced and spectrally flat response. J Mater Chem C, 2020, 8: 14049–14055

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Guo D, Yang L, Zhao J, et al. Visible-blind ultraviolet narrowband photomultiplication-type organic photodetector with an ultrahigh external quantum efficiency of over 1 000 000%. Mater Horiz, 2021, 8: 2293–2302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Kim J, Kang M, Lee S, et al. Interfacial electrostatic-interaction-enhanced photomultiplication for ultrahigh external quantum efficiency of organic photodiodes. Adv Mater, 2021, 33: 2104689

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Campbell IH, Crone BK. A near infrared organic photodiode with gain at low bias voltage. Appl Phys Lett, 2009, 95: 263302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Luo X, Lv W, Du L, et al. Insight into trap state dynamics for exploiting current multiplication in organic photodetectors. Phys Status Solidi RRL, 2016, 10: 485–492

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kublitski J, Fischer A, Xing S, et al. Enhancing sub-bandgap external quantum efficiency by photomultiplication for narrowband organic near-infrared photodetectors. Nat Commun, 2021, 12: 4259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Melville OA, Lessard BH, Bender TP. Phthalocyanine-based organic thin-film transistors: A review of recent advances. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2015, 7: 13105–13118

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Zhao W, Mudrick JP, Zheng Y, et al. Enhancing photovoltaic response of organic solar cells using a crystalline molecular template. Org Electron, 2012, 13: 129–135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kim TM, Kim HJ, Shim HS, et al. The epitaxial growth of lead phthalocyanine on copper halogen compounds as the origin of templating effects. J Mater Chem A, 2014, 2: 8730–8735

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Wang X, Li H, Su Z, et al. Efficient organic near-infrared photodetectors based on lead phthalocyanine/C60 heterojunction. Org Electron, 2014, 15: 2367–2371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Choi MS, Chae S, Kim HJ, et al. Control of crystallinity in PbPc:C60 blend film and application for inverted near-infrared organic photodetector. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018, 10: 25614–25620

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Su Z, Hou F, Wang X, et al. High-performance organic small-molecule panchromatic photodetectors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2015, 7: 2529–2534

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Vasseur K, Broch K, Ayzner AL, et al. Controlling the texture and crystallinity of evaporated lead phthalocyanine thin films for near-infrared sensitive solar cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2013, 5: 8505–8515

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Choi MS, Lee S, Kim HJ, et al. Inverted near-infrared organic photodetector with oriented lead (II) phthalocyanine molecules via substrate heating. Org Electron, 2018, 61: 164–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Hammond WT, Mudrick JP, Xue J. Balancing high gain and bandwidth in multilayer organic photodetectors with tailored carrier blocking layers. J Appl Phys, 2014, 116: 214501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Kim YH, Kim JS, Kim WM, et al. Realizing the potential of ZnO with alternative non-metallic Co-dopants as electrode materials for small molecule optoelectronic devices. Adv Funct Mater, 2013, 23: 3645–3652

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Somashekharappa GM, Govind C, Pulikodan V, et al. Unsymmetrical squaraine dye-based organic photodetector exhibiting enhanced near-infrared sensitivity. J Phys Chem C, 2020, 124: 21730–21739

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Wang M, Li YZ, Chen HC, et al. Unveiling the underlying mechanism of record-high efficiency organic near-infrared photodetector harnessing a single-component photoactive layer. Mater Horiz, 2020, 7: 1171–1179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Guo D, Xu Z, Yang D, et al. Structure design and performance of photomultiplication-type organic photodetectors based on an aggregation-induced emission material. Nanoscale, 2020, 12: 2648–2656

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Yang L, Guo D, Li J, et al. Low-cost copper electrode for high-performance panchromatic multiplication-type organic photodetectors with optical microcavity effect. Adv Funct Mater, 2022, 32: 2108839

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Shi XB, Hu Y, Wang B, et al. Conductive inorganic-organic hybrid distributed bragg reflectors. Adv Mater, 2015, 27: 6696–6701

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Zhao F, Luo X, Liu J, et al. Toward high performance broad spectral hybrid organic-inorganic photodetectors based on multiple component organic bulk heterojunctions. J Mater Chem C, 2016, 4: 815–822

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Liu SW, Lee CC, Yuan CH, et al. Transparent organic upconversion devices for near-infrared sensing. Adv Mater, 2015, 27: 1217–1222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A6002), Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project (202102080332), Guangdong Province Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project (2021A1515012560), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, China (2019B030301003) and the Research Project of Jilin Province (20191102006YY). Guo D is thankful for the support from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M711193).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Dechao Guo  (虢德超), Liqing Yang  (杨丽清), Ji Li  (李骥), Guo He  (何果), Jingbo Zheng  (郑景博), Sizhe Tao  (陶思哲), Dezhi Yang  (杨德志) & Dongge Ma  (马东阁)

  2. South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Dechao Guo  (虢德超) & Linge Wang  (王林格)

  3. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia

    Agafonov Vadim

Authors
  1. Dechao Guo  (虢德超)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Liqing Yang  (杨丽清)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ji Li  (李骥)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Guo He  (何果)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jingbo Zheng  (郑景博)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sizhe Tao  (陶思哲)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Dezhi Yang  (杨德志)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Linge Wang  (王林格)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Agafonov Vadim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Dongge Ma  (马东阁)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Author contributions Guo D carried out the device experiments, prepared the figures and wrote the paper. Yang D, Wang L, and Ma D provided the overall concept and revised the manuscript. Yang L, Li J, He G, Zheng J, Tao S, and Vadim A classified and analyzed the reference papers. All authors participated in the general discussion.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Dezhi Yang  (杨德志), Linge Wang  (王林格) or Dongge Ma  (马东阁).

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Supplementary information Supporting data are available in the online version of the paper.

Dechao Guo received his PhD degree from the South China University of Technology in 2020. Now he continues his postdoctoral research at the South China University of Technology with Prof. Dongge Ma. He is majored in organic semiconductors and devices, including organic LEDs, organic photodetectors and their applications.

Dezhi Yang received his PhD degree from Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 2012. Then he worked at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry as an assistant research fellow. In 2016, he joined the South China University of Technology as an associate researcher. At present, his research mainly focuses on the structural design and mechanism research of organic photodetectors and organic upconversion devices.

Linge Wang received his PhD degree in chemistry from the Institute of Chemistry, CAS in 2003. He worked at CAS and the University of Sheffield before August 2012, and then he was appointed as a full professor of the South China University of Technology. His research focuses on soft matter & hybrid materials, particularly on polymer nanofibers, polymer vesicles, tissue engineering, and advanced optical film.

Dongge Ma received his PhD degree from Jilin University in 1995. He worked as a visiting professor and research fellow at the University Federal do Paranal, Brazil, and Durham University and St. Andrews University, UK, and then he joined Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, as a professor in 2001. In 2016, he joined the South China University of Technology. Currently, his research focuses on organic semiconductor optoelectronic devices, including organic LEDs and organic photodetectors.

Supporting Information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Guo, D., Yang, L., Li, J. et al. Panchromatic photomultiplication-type organic photodetectors with planar/bulk heterojunction structure. Sci. China Mater. 66, 1172–1179 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-022-2241-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-022-2241-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation