摘要
在金属玻璃中可控地引入不均匀性通常能大幅改善其性能, 甚至能突破传统合金设计方法的限制. 本文中, 我们发现在临界非晶形成能力条件下能获得高密度团簇, 且其强交换耦合作用可用于调控磁性能. 基于这些新理念, 我们开发了Fe71(Co, Ni)15B9.5Si2P2C0.5新合金. 由于钴/镍元素添加、团簇析出强化和少量多种类金属元素组合添加等四重强化机制, 合金的饱和磁感应强度达到1.86 T. 同时, 磁场热处理工艺的采用, 可以有效调控结构不均匀和磁畴取向的各向异性, 从而明显改善软磁性能. 此外, 由于临界条件制备平衡了非晶形成能力, 纳米团簇提高了非晶态的稳定性, 我们首次获得了兼具高磁感应强度、 优异软磁性能和非晶形成能力等优异综合性能的软磁非晶合金.
References
Li HX, Lu ZC, Wang SL, et al. Fe-based bulk metallic glasses: Glass formation, fabrication, properties and applications. Prog Mater Sci, 2019, 103: 235–318
Herzer G. Modern soft magnets: Amorphous and nanocrystalline materials. Acta Mater, 2013, 61: 718–734
Suryanarayana C, Inoue A. Iron-based bulk metallic glasses. Mater Rev, 2013, 58: 131–166
Gutfleisch O, Willard MA, Brück E, et al. Magnetic materials and devices for the 21st century: Stronger, lighter, and more energy efficient. Adv Mater, 2011, 23: 821–842
Silveyra JM, Ferrara E, Huber DL, et al. Soft magnetic materials for a sustainable and electrified world. Science, 2018, 362: eaao0195
Liang X, He A, Wang A, et al. Fe content dependence of magnetic properties and bending ductility of FeSiBPC amorphous alloy ribbons. J Alloys Compd, 2017, 694: 1260–1264
Yue S, Zhang H, Cheng R, et al. Magnetic and thermal stabilities of FeSiB eutectic amorphous alloys: Compositional effects. J Alloys Compd, 2019, 776: 833–838
Johnson WL, Na JH, Demetriou MD. Quantifying the origin of metallic glass formation. Nat Commun, 2016, 7: 10313
Wang A, Zhao C, He A, et al. Composition design of high Bs Fe-based amorphous alloys with good amorphous-forming ability. J Alloys Compd, 2016, 656: 729–734
McHenry ME, Willard MA, Laughlin DE. Amorphous and nanocrystalline materials for applications as soft magnets. Prog Mater Sci, 1999, 44: 291–433
Wang F, Inoue A, Han Y, et al. Excellent soft magnetic Fe-Co-B-based amorphous alloys with extremely high saturation magnetization above 1.85 T and low coercivity below 3 A/m. J Alloys Compd, 2017, 711: 132–142
Zhu F, Hirata A, Liu P, et al. Correlation between local structure order and spatial heterogeneity in a metallic glass. Phys Rev Lett, 2017, 119: 215501
Zhu F, Song S, Reddy KM, et al. Spatial heterogeneity as the structure feature for structure-property relationship of metallic glasses. Nat Commun, 2018, 9: 3965
Zhang P, Maldonis JJ, Liu Z, et al. Spatially heterogeneous dynamics in a metallic glass forming liquid imaged by electron correlation microscopy. Nat Commun, 2018, 9: 1129
Zhu F, Nguyen HK, Song SX, et al. Intrinsic correlation between β-relaxation and spatial heterogeneity in a metallic glass. Nat Commun, 2016, 7: 11516
Liu YH, Wang G, Wang RJ, et al. Super plastic bulk metallic glasses at room temperature. Science, 2007, 315: 1385–1388
Huo LS, Zeng JF, Wang WH, et al. The dependence of shear modulus on dynamic relaxation and evolution of local structural heterogeneity in a metallic glass. Acta Mater, 2013, 61: 4329–4338
Liu YH, Wang D, Nakajima K, et al. Characterization of nanoscale mechanical heterogeneity in a metallic glass by dynamic force microscopy. Phys Rev Lett, 2011, 106: 125504
Ketov SV, Sun YH, Nachum S, et al. Rejuvenation of metallic glasses by non-affine thermal strain. Nature, 2015, 524: 200–203
Song W, Meng X, Wu Y, et al. Improving plasticity of the Zr46Cu46Al8 bulk metallic glass via thermal rejuvenation. Sci Bull, 2018, 63: 840–844
Li W, Gao Y, Bei H. On the correlation between microscopic structural heterogeneity and embrittlement behavior in metallic glasses. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 14786
Ross P, Küchemann S, Derlet PM, et al. Linking macroscopic rejuvenation to nano-elastic fluctuations in a metallic glass. Acta Mater, 2017, 138: 111–118
Qiao JC, Wang Q, Pelletier JM, et al. Structural heterogeneities and mechanical behavior of amorphous alloys. Prog Mater Sci, 2019, 104: 250–329
Liu C, Maaß R. Elastic fluctuations and structural heterogeneities in metallic glasses. Adv Funct Mater, 2018, 28: 1800388
Pan J, Wang YX, Guo Q, et al. Extreme rejuvenation and softening in a bulk metallic glass. Nat Commun, 2018, 9: 560
Wang Q, Liu JJ, Ye YF, et al. Universal secondary relaxation and unusual brittle-to-ductile transition in metallic glasses. Mater Today, 2017, 20: 293–300
Wang WH. Dynamic relaxations and relaxation-property relationships in metallic glasses. Prog Mater Sci, 2019, 106: 100561
Zhang Y, Liu JP, Chen SY, et al. Serration and noise behaviors in materials. Prog Mater Sci, 2017, 90: 358–460
Wang Q, Liu CT, Yang Y, et al. Atomic-scale structural evolution and stability of supercooled liquid of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass. Phys Rev Lett, 2011, 106: 215505
Wang JQ, Chen N, Liu P, et al. The ultrastable kinetic behavior of an Au-based nanoglass. Acta Mater, 2014, 79: 30–36
Yu H, Tylinski M, Guiseppi-Elie A, et al. Suppression of β relaxation in vapor-deposited ultrastable glasses. Phys Rev Lett, 2015, 115: 185501
Gao M, Perepezko JH. Separating β relaxation from α relaxation in fragile metallic glasses based on ultrafast flash differential scanning calorimetry. Phys Rev Mater, 2020, 4: 025602
Ma E. Tuning order in disorder. Nat Mater, 2015, 14: 547–552
Wang Q, Zhang ST, Yang Y, et al. Unusual fast secondary relaxation in metallic glass. Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 7876
Inoue A. Stabilization of metallic supercooled liquid and bulk amorphous alloys. Acta Mater, 2000, 48: 279–306
Xie Y, Sohn S, Wang M, et al. Supercluster-coupled crystal growth in metallic glass forming liquids. Nat Commun, 2019, 10: 915
Schawe JEK, Löffler JF. Existence of multiple critical cooling rates which generate different types of monolithic metallic glass. Nat Commun, 2019, 10: 1337
Yang Q, Peng SX, Wang Z, et al. Shadow glass transition as a thermodynamic signature of β relaxation in hyper-quenched metallic glasses. Natl Sci Rev, 2020, 7: 1896–1905
Hirata A, Guan P, Fujita T, et al. Direct observation of local atomic order in a metallic glass. Nat Mater, 2011, 10: 28–33
Liu XJ, Chen GL, Hou HY, et al. Atomistic mechanism for nanocrystallization of metallic glasses. Acta Mater, 2008, 56: 2760–2769
Fan Y, Iwashita T, Egami T. Energy landscape-driven non-equilibrium evolution of inherent structure in disordered material. Nat Commun, 2017, 8: 15417
Wang DP, Qiao JC, Liu CT. Relating structural heterogeneity to β relaxation processes in metallic glasses. Mater Res Lett, 2019, 7: 305–311
Hu L, Zhang R, Chen Q. Synthesis and assembly of nanomaterials under magnetic fields. Nanoscale, 2014, 6: 14064–14105
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFB0300501), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51971186, 51771159, 51871056 and 51901041), and CityU grants (9360161 and 9680218) in Hong Kong.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Author contributions Zhao C prepared the samples and conducted the experiments; Wang A and Liu CT designed the experiments and built the microstructure evolution model; He A and Chang C contributed to theoretical analysis; Zhao C and Wang A wrote the manuscript with the support of Liu CT. All authors contributed to the general discussion.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Chengliang Zhao received his PhD degree from Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2018. Currently, he is an assistant professor at Dongguan University of Technology. His research interests focus on the magnetic properties and applications of Fe-based metallic glasses.
Anding Wang received his PhD degree from Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2012. He continued to work there as assistant professor and associate professor in 2013–2018. He is currently a research fellow at the City University of Hong Kong. His research interests focus on the metallurgy, magnetism, microstructural kinetics and thermodynamics of amorphous, nanocrystalline and crystalline alloys for magnetic applications.
Chuntao Chang received his PhD degree from Tohoku University in 2008. He stayed there as a postdoctor until 2011. He worked as an associate professor at Tianjin University and Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (Chinese Academy of Sciences) in 2011–2017. He is currently a professor at Dongguan University of Technology. His research interests focus on the functional properties and applications of metallic glasses.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhao, C., Wang, A., He, A. et al. Nano-heterogeneity-stabilized and magnetic-interaction-modulated metallic glasses. Sci. China Mater. 64, 1813–1819 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-020-1593-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-020-1593-0