Abstract
As human improve their ability to fabricate materials, alloys have evolved from simple to complex compositions, accordingly improving functions and performances, promoting the advancements of human civilization. In recent years, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted tremendous attention in various fields. With multiple principal components, they inherently possess unique microstructures and many impressive properties, such as high strength and hardness, excellent corrosion resistance, thermal stability, fatigue, fracture, and irradiation resistance, in terms of which they overwhelm the traditional alloys. All these properties have endowed HEAs with many promising potential applications. An in-depth understanding of the essence of HEAs is important to further developing numerous HEAs with better properties and performance in the future. In this paper, we review the recent development of HEAs, and summarize their preparation methods, composition design, phase formation and microstructures, various properties, and modeling and simulation calculations. In addition, the future trends and prospects of HEAs are put forward.
摘要
根据人类开发材料的能力来看, 合金成分经历了从简单到复杂的发展过程. 合金的功能和性能不断改善, 同时促进了人类文明进步.具有多组分的高熵合金(HEAs)可以有效地改善合金的微观结构和性质. 高熵合金具有诸如高强度和高硬度、优异的耐腐蚀性和热稳定性、良好的抗疲劳强度及断裂强度、强耐辐射性等优异的性能, 这是传统的合金无法比拟的. 这些优异的性能也说明高熵合金未来具有非常高的应用前景. 近年来, 高熵合金在各个领域也呈现出快速发展的趋势. 为了更好地了解高熵合金的基础, 未来快速开发出具有更加优异性能的高熵合金, 本文综述了近年来关于高熵合金的发展. 高熵合金的发展已经经历了两个阶段, 第一个阶段为等摩尔-单相固溶体结构的高熵合金, 第二阶段为非等摩尔比的多相固溶体高熵合金. 本文主要讨论了高熵合金的制备方法、组分设计、相形成和微观结构、优异的性能和高熵合金在计算模拟方面的应用, 同时提出了高熵合金的未来发展趋势和前景.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51471025 and 51671020).
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Author contributions Zhang W prepared the manuscript under the direction of Zhang Y. Zhang Y and Liaw PK revised the manuscript. All authors contributed to the general discussion.
Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Weiran Zhang is a PhD student at the State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science & Technology Beijing (USTB), under Prof. Zhang’s supervision. Her interest focuses on the low-activation of high-entropy alloys and DFT.
Peter K. Liaw obtained his BSc degree in physics from Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, and his PhD in materials science and engineering from the Northwestern University. After working at Westinghouse Research and Development (R&D) Center for thirteen years, he joined the faculty and became an Endowed Ivan Racheff Chair of Excellence in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Tennessee (UT), Knoxville. He has been working in the areas of fatigue, fracture, nondestructive evaluation, and life-prediction methodologies of structural alloys and composites. Since joining UT, his research interests include mechanical behavior, nondestructive evaluation, biomaterials, high-temperature alloys, bulk metallic glasses, high-entropy alloys, ceramic-matrix composites and coatings. He has published 890 peer-reviewed papers, edited more than 30 books.
Yong Zhang has been a full professor of the USTB & State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials since 2004. He attained his Bachelor degree at Yanshan University in 1991, majored in materials science. He obtained Master degree majored in nuclear materials in 1993, and PhD in composite materials in 1998 at the USTB. Then he worked as a postdoctoral fellow in the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, and Singapore-Massachusettes Institute of Technology (MIT) Alliance (SMA). His interest focuses on high-entropy materials and serration behaviors.
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Zhang, W., Liaw, P.K. & Zhang, Y. Science and technology in high-entropy alloys. Sci. China Mater. 61, 2–22 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-017-9195-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-017-9195-8