Abstract
Nanocomposites composed of one-dimensional (1D) CdS nanowires (NWs) and 1T-MoS2 nanosheets have been fabricated through a two-step solvothermal process. 5 mol% of MoS2 loading results in the best optical properties, photoelectrochemical (PEC) as well as photocatalytic activities for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Compared with pure CdS NWs, the optimized nanocomposite shows 5.5 times enhancement in photocurrent and 86.3 times increase for HER in the presence of glucose and lactic acid as hole scavengers. The enhanced PEC and HER activities are attributed to the intimate contact between MoS2 and CdS that efficiently enhances charge carrier separation. In addition, ultrafast transient absorption (TA) measurements have been used to probe the charge carrier dynamics and gain deeper insight into the mechanism behind the enhanced PEC and photocatalytic performance.
摘要
本论文通过两步水热法合成了MoS2纳米片/CdS纳米线复合光催化剂. 采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、比表面积分析仪、紫外可见漫反射光谱仪、荧光光谱方法和光电化学测试对复合光催化剂进行了表征. 研究表明复合光催化剂的性能和MoS2负载量的多少密切相关. 当MoS2的负载量为5 mol%时复合光催化剂具有最优的光学、光电化学和光催化产氢活性. 与纯的CdS纳米线相比, 优化后的复合光催化剂以葡萄糖和乳酸为空穴牺牲剂, 光电流提高了5.5倍, 光催化产氢活性提高了74倍, 这主要归因于MoS2纳米片和CdS纳米线之间的紧密接触有利于提高电荷的分离效率. 为了进一步理解光电化学和光催化活性提高的机理, 采用瞬态吸收光谱仪深入探究了电荷分离和转移的动力学过程. 该工作不仅涉及了具有优良光电化学和光催化活性的复合光催化剂的制备方法, 而且展示了葡萄糖在光解水产氢中的应用.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Walter MG, Warren EL, McKone JR, et al. Solar water splitting cells. Chem Rev, 2010, 110: 6446–6473
Katz MJ, Riha SC, Jeong NC, et al. Toward solar fuels: water splitting with sunlight and “rust”? Coord Chem Rev, 2012, 256: 2521–2529
Fujishima A, Honda K. Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode. Nature, 1972, 238: 37–38
Cho IS, Chen Z, Forman AJ, et al. Branched TiO2 nanorods for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. Nano Lett, 2011, 11: 4978–4984
Pu YC, Wang G, Chang KD, et al. Au nanostructure-decorated TiO2 nanowires exhibiting photoactivity across entire UV-visible region for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Nano Lett, 2013, 13: 3817–3823
Li C, Fan W, Lu H, et al. Fabrication of Au@CdS/RGO/TiO2 heterostructure for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. New J Chem, 2016, 40: 2287–2295
Zou Z, Ye J, Sayama K, et al. Direct splitting of water under visible light irradiation with an oxide semiconductor photocatalyst. Nature, 2011, 414: 625–627
Tsuji I, Kato H, Kudo A. Visible-light-induced H2 evolution from an aqueous solution containing sulfide and sulfite over a ZnSCuInS2- AgInS2 solid-solution photocatalyst. Angew Chem, 2005, 117: 3631–3634
Li C, Wang H, Ming J, et al. Hydrogen generation by photocatalytic reforming of glucose with heterostructured CdS/MoS2 composites under visible light irradiation. Int J Hydrogen Energ, 2017, 42: 16968–16978
Li Y, Chen G, Zhou C, et al. A simple template-free synthesis of nanoporous ZnS–In2S3–Ag2S solid solutions for highly efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light. Chem Commun, 2009, 414: 2020
Wang X, Maeda K, Chen X, et al. Polymer semiconductors for artificial photosynthesis: hydrogen evolution by mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride with visible light. J Am Chem Soc, 2009, 131: 1680–1681
Liu X, Pan L, Lv T, et al. Microwave-assisted synthesis of CdS–reduced graphene oxide composites for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(vi). Chem Commun, 2011, 47: 11984–11986
Li Q, Guo B, Yu J, et al. Highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production of CdS-cluster-decorated graphene nanosheets. J Am Chem Soc, 2011, 133: 10878–10884
Hu Y, Gao X, Yu L, et al. Carbon-coated CdS petalous nanostructures with enhanced photostability and photocatalytic activity. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2013, 52: 5636–5639
Xu Y, Zhao W, Xu R, et al. Synthesis of ultrathin CdS nanosheets as efficient visible-light-driven water splitting photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. Chem Commun, 2013, 49: 9803–9805
Zheng W, Feng W, Zhang X, et al. Anisotropic growth of nonlayered CdS on MoS2 monolayer for functional vertical heterostructures. Adv Funct Mater, 2016, 26: 2648–2654
Li Y, Wang L, Cai T, et al. Glucose-assisted synthesize 1D/2D nearly vertical CdS/MoS2 heterostructures for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Chem Eng J, 2017, 321: 366–374
Si H, Kang Z, Liao Q, et al. Design and tailoring of patterned ZnO nanostructures for energy conversion applications. Sci China Mater, 2017, 60: 793–810
Yan H, Yang J, Ma G, et al. Visible-light-driven hydrogen production with extremely high quantum efficiency on Pt–PdS/CdS photocatalyst. J Catal, 2009, 266: 165–168
Merki D, Hu X. Recent developments of molybdenum and tungsten sulfides as hydrogen evolution catalysts. Energy Environ Sci, 2011, 4: 3878–3888
Zong X, Yan H, Wu G, et al. Enhancement of photocatalytic H2 evolution on CdS by loading MoS2 as cocatalyst under visible light irradiation. J Am Chem Soc, 2008, 130: 7176–7177
Zong X, Wu G, Yan H, et al. Photocatalytic H2 evolution on MoS2/ CdS catalysts under visible light irradiation. J Phys Chem C, 2010, 114: 1963–1968
Chen G, Li D, Li F, et al. Ball-milling combined calcination synthesis of MoS2/CdS photocatalysts for high photocatalytic H2 evolution activity under visible light irradiation. Appl Catal AGeneral, 2012, 443–444: 138–144
Chen J, Wu XJ, Yin L, et al. One-pot synthesis of CdS nanocrystals hybridized with single-layer transition-metal dichalcogenide nanosheets for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2015, 54: 1210–1214
Chang K, Li M, Wang T, et al. Drastic layer-number-dependent activity enhancement in photocatalytic H2 evolution over nMoS2 /CdS (n≥1) under visible light. Adv Energy Mater, 2015, 5: 1402279
He J, Chen L, Wang F, et al. CdS nanowires decorated with ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets as an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution. ChemSusChem, 2016, 9: 624–630
Han B, Liu S, Zhang N, et al. One-dimensional CdS@MoS2 coreshell nanowires for boosted photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2017, 202: 298–304
Ma S, Xie J, Wen J, et al. Constructing 2D layered hybrid CdS nanosheets/MoS2 heterojunctions for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2 generation. Appl Surf Sci, 2017, 391: 580–591
Liu C, Dasgupta NP, Yang P. Semiconductor nanowires for artificial photosynthesis. Chem Mater, 2014, 26: 415–422
Han S, Pu YC, Zheng L, et al. Shell-thickness dependent electron transfer and relaxation in type-II core–shell CdS/TiO2 structures with optimized photoelectrochemical performance. J Mater Chem A, 2015, 3: 22627–22635
Zhan X, Wang Q, Wang F, et al. Composition-tuned ZnO/Znx Cd1–xTe core/shell nanowires array with broad spectral absorption from UV to NIR for hydrogen generation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2014, 6: 2878–2883
Zhu G, Bao C, Liu Y, et al. Self-regulated route to ternary hybrid nanocrystals of Ag–Ag2S–CdS with near-infrared photoluminescence and enhanced photothermal conversion. Nanoscale, 2014, 6: 11147–11156
Liu Q, Shang Q, Khalil A, et al. In situ integration of a metallic 1TMoS2/ CdS heterostructure as a means to promote visible-lightdriven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. ChemCatChem, 2016, 8: 2614–2619
Weber T, Muijsers JC, van Wolput JHMC, et al. Basic reaction steps in the sulfidation of crystalline MoO3 to MoS2, as studied by X-ray photoelectron and infrared emission spectroscopy. J Phys Chem, 1996, 100: 14144–14150
Zhao L, Jia J, Yang Z, et al. One-step synthesis of CdS nanoparticles/ MoS2 nanosheets heterostructure on porous molybdenum sheet for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution. Appl Catal B–Environ, 2017, 210: 290–296
Xu J, Cao X. Characterization and mechanism of MoS2/CdS composite photocatalyst used for hydrogen production from water splitting under visible light. Chem Eng J, 2015, 260: 642–648
Yang Y, Rodríguez-Córdoba W, Xiang X, et al. Strong electronic coupling and ultrafast electron transfer between PbS quantum dots and TiO2 nanocrystalline films. Nano Lett, 2012, 12: 303–309
Zhang J, Wang L, Liu X, et al. High-performance CdS–ZnS core–shell nanorod array photoelectrode for photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation. J Mater Chem A, 2015, 3: 535–541
Li J, Cushing SK, Zheng P, et al. Solar hydrogen generation by a CdS-Au-TiO2 sandwich nanorod array enhanced with Au nanoparticle as electron relay and plasmonic photosensitizer. J Am Chem Soc, 2014, 136: 8438–8449
Shen L, Luo M, Liu Y, et al. Noble-metal-free MoS2 co-catalyst decorated UiO-66/CdS hybrids for efficient photocatalytic H2 production. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2015, 166–167: 445–453
Li G, Wu L, Li F, et al. Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants via a CdS quantum dots enhanced TiO2 nanotube array electrode under visible light irradiation. Nanoscale, 2013, 5: 2118–2125
Bai Z, Yan X, Li Y, et al. 3D-branched ZnO/CdS nanowire arrays for solar water splitting and the service safety research. Adv Energy Mater, 2016, 6: 1501459
Zhan F, Li J, Li W, et al. In situ synthesis of CdS/CdWO4/WO3 heterojunction films with enhanced photoelectrochemical properties. J Power Sources, 2016, 325: 591–597
Wang G, Ling Y, Wheeler DA, et al. Facile synthesis of highly photoactive α-Fe2O3-based films for water oxidation. Nano Lett, 2011, 11: 3503–3509
Zhou M, Bao J, Xu Y, et al. Photoelectrodes based upon Mo:BiVO4 inverse opals for photoelectrochemical water splitting. ACS Nano, 2014, 8: 7088–7098
Wheeler DA, Zhang JZ. Exciton dynamics in semiconductor nanocrystals. Adv Mater, 2013, 25: 2878–2896
Shen S, Guo P, Wheeler DA, et al. Physical and photoelectrochemical properties of Zr-doped hematite nanorod arrays. Nanoscale, 2013, 5: 9867–9874
Caravaca A, Jones W, Hardacre C, et al. H2 production by the photocatalytic reforming of cellulose and raw biomass using Ni, Pd, Pt and Au on titania. Proc R Soc A, 2016, 472: 20160054
Wang L, Wang W, Shang M, et al. Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light over Cd1−xZnxS solid solution with cubic zinc blend phase. Int J Hydrogen Energ, 2010, 35: 19–25
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51402126). JZZ is grateful to support from Delta Dental Health Associates, NASA through MACES (NNX15AQ01A), and UCSC Committee on Research Special Research Grant.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Hongmei Wang received her BSc degree in 2001 and MSc degree in 2004 from China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), China. In 2007, she received his PhD degree from Wuhan University, China. Then, she had her visiting scholar experience from Wuhan University and University of California, Santa Cruz. Currently, she is an associate professor at Jiaxing University. Her research interests focus on the semiconductor-based nanomaterials for energy conversion and storage, and photocatalysis.
Sara Bonabi Naghadeh received her BSc degree in applied Chemistry and her MSc degree in Nano Chemistry from University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. She is currently PhD student and research assistant in Prof. Zhang’s group at University of California, Santa Cruz. Her research interests include design, synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials for various applications such as chemical and biological sensors, cancer detection, photothermal therapy and photovoltaics.
Jin Zhong Zhang received his BSc degree in Chemistry from Fudan University, Shanghai, China, in 1983 and his PhD in physical chemistry from University of Washington, Seattle in 1989. He was a postdoctoral research fellow at University of California Berkeley from 1989 to 1992. In 1992, he joined the faculty at UC Santa Cruz, where he is currently full professor of chemistry and biochemistry. Zhang’s recent research interests focus on design, synthesis, characterization, and exploration of applications of advanced materials including semiconductors, metals, and metal oxide nanomaterials, particularly in the areas of solar energy conversion, solid state lighting, sensing, and biomedical detection/therapy. He has authored 300 publications and three books. Zhang has been serving as a senior editor for JPC published by ACS since 2004. He is a Fellow of AAAS, APS, and ACS. He is the recipient of the 2014 Richard A. Glenn Award of the ACS Energy and Fuel Division.
Electronic supplementary material
40843_2017_9172_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
Enhanced photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic activities of CdS nanowires by surface modification with MoS2 nanosheets
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, H., Naghadeh, S.B., Li, C. et al. Enhanced photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic activities of CdS nanowires by surface modification with MoS2 nanosheets. Sci. China Mater. 61, 839–850 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-017-9172-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-017-9172-x