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The formation of glass: a quantitative perspective

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Abstract

In constant use since ancient times, glass remains a highly valued material that is ubiquitous in daily life. Today, glass has become an indispensable and essential component in such fields as photonics, optical communications, photovoltaic cells, household appliances, vehicles, and building materials. However, one of major stumbling blocks for its optimal use is the low glass-forming ability (GFA) of many glass-forming compositions, which is far from being adequately solved. Understanding the nature of the GFAs of materials is the key to the development of new glasses with improved properties and manufacturability for various engineering applications. The rapid development of new glasses over the past several decades has led to increasingly complex material compositions. However, the phase diagrams of these materials have yet to be properly addressed even though such diagrams are extremely useful in rationally designing glass-forming compositions and predicting their behavior in pursuit of new functional glasses with particular desired properties. In this context, the present review strives to provide new insights into the formation of glasses and glass-forming regions through quantitative calculations and predictions based on a comprehensive survey and analysis of the existing experimental observations and theoretical considerations, a considerable portion of which stems from work performed in our own laboratory.

摘要

自古以来玻璃被广泛使用, 目前仍然是人类生活中无处不在的最有价值材料. 然而, 对众多材料而言, 较低的玻璃形成能力和玻璃形成区是困扰玻璃广泛而更好应用的难题. 深入研究和阐明玻璃形成能力的本质是发展应用新玻璃的关键所在. 新材料发展很快且组成愈加复杂, 然而在新玻璃研究中缺乏相关相图资料. 目前玻璃科学研究往往通过大量实验才获得一些数据, 需要的人、 财、 物力巨大且效率低下. 本文从玻璃科学基础问题出发综述了玻璃形成和玻璃形成区的最新进展, 通过探讨玻璃结构与性能、 玻璃形成与玻璃形成区计算和预测, 建立了一些简便、 快速、 具有预测性的研究方法, 并对玻璃形成和玻璃形成区从定性的理解到定量的预测研究和未来的发展趋势与努力的方向作了进一步的远景展望.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and Institute of Optical Communication Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China

    Zhong-Hong Jiang & Qin-Yuan Zhang

  2. Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China

    Zhong-Hong Jiang

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  1. Zhong-Hong Jiang
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  2. Qin-Yuan Zhang
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Correspondence to Qin-Yuan Zhang.

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Zhonghong Jiang is a professor of Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and Academician of the CAS. He received his BSc degree in materials science from South China University of Technology in 1953. He has received several awards, including the 1st class National Scientific Technology Progress Award (1990) and the 2nd class National Scientific Technology Progress Awards (1985, 1989). His research interests include glass formation, laser glass, and optical glass and glass-fiber.

Qinyuan Zhang received his PhD degree in materials science from Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS in 1998. He is a Cheung Kong Scholar Professor at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology. He has authored and co-authored more than 200 peer-reviewed international journal articles, including Progress in Materials Science, Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, and more than 20 patents. His research activity focuses on glass science and technology, and luminescent materials.

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Jiang, ZH., Zhang, QY. The formation of glass: a quantitative perspective. Sci. China Mater. 58, 378–425 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-015-0048-z

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