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Removal of Fe from Ilmenite Ore Powders Through Selective Chlorination Using CO and Cl2 Gas Mixture at 1073–1173 K in a Static Bed

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Abstract

To develop a selective chlorination process for ilmenite ores with the aim of attaining a high chlorination ratio of Fe and minimal Ti loss with low activation energy, the kinetics of the selective chlorination of Fe from ilmenite ore powders using a mixture of CO and Cl2 gases in a static bed reactor was investigated. Experiments were conducted using ilmenite ore powders in the ranges of 45–75 µm and 180–212 µm at 1073–1173 K. When the chlorination reactions proceeded at 1173 K for 60 min, 94.12% of the Fe and 2.18% of the Ti were removed from the ore. After the selective chlorination reactions, TiO2 with a porous microstructure was generated owing to the selective removal of Fe from the ore. The generated pores allowed the CO–Cl2 gas mixture to easily penetrate into the reaction interface. As a result, when the unreacted shrinking-core model was utilized, the rate-controlling step was chemical reaction at the interface. In addition, the activation energy was 49.879 kJ · mol−1 for the selective chlorination of ilmenite ore powders using the CO–Cl2 gas mixture at 1073–1173 K. The results demonstrate that minimal Ti loss and a high chlorination ratio of Fe are feasible when the selective chlorination of ilmenite ore powders is performed at 1173 K using a CO–Cl2 gas mixture in a static bed reactor.

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Abbreviations

d :

Particle size, (μm)

R Fe :

Removal ratio of Fe, (%)

R Ti :

Removal ratio of Ti, (%)

T :

Absolute temperature, (K)

E a :

Activation energy, (kJ · mol−1)

C i :

Concentration of oxide i, (wt.%)

w o :

Weight of ilmenite ore powders before reactions, (g)

m o :

Concentration of Fe or Ti in ilmenite ore powders before reactions, (wt.%)

w t :

Weight of residues after reactions for duration of time (t), (g)

m t :

Concentration of Fe or Ti in residues after reactions for duration of time (t), (wt.%)

X :

Fractional conversion, (–)

t :

Reaction time, (min)

k f :

Rate constant of the gas-film mass transfer, (min−1)

k d :

Rate constant of the diffusion through the product layer, (min−1)

k r :

Rate constant of the chemical reaction, (min−1)

k :

Rate constant, (min−1)

R :

Universal gas constant, (J · mol−1 · K−1)

A :

Frequency factor, (min−1)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea

    Sung-Hun Park, So-Yeong Lee, Rie Ring & Ho-Sang Sohn

  2. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea

    Sung-Hun Park

  3. Steering Control Design Department, Hyundai MOBIS China R & D Center, 1011 Jiujing Road, Songjiang District, Jiuting Town, Shanghai, 201615, China

    Rie Ring

  4. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea

    Jungshin Kang

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  1. Sung-Hun Park
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Correspondence to Ho-Sang Sohn.

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The contributing editor for this article was Il Sohn.

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Park, SH., Lee, SY., Ring, R. et al. Removal of Fe from Ilmenite Ore Powders Through Selective Chlorination Using CO and Cl2 Gas Mixture at 1073–1173 K in a Static Bed. J. Sustain. Metall. 9, 160–171 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-022-00628-3

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