Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Control of Hydration of Free Magnesia in Steelmaking Slag

  • Thematic Section: MOLTEN 2021: Slags, Fluxes, and Salts for Environment, Recycling, and Sustainability
  • Published:
Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The expansion phenomenon, which is a major issue when using steelmaking slag as a roadbed material and civil engineering material, is caused by the volume expansion during hydration of free CaO (undissolved CaO and precipitated CaO) and free MgO (undissolved MgO and precipitated MgO) contained in steelmaking slag. From the weight change of MgO reagent hydrated in distilled water, it was clarified that hydration of undissolved MgO proceeded slowly. In addition, experiments of hydrating MgO–FeO solid solution using an autoclave revealed that with increasing FeO concentration in the solid solution, the hydration degree became lower. The FeO content solved in solid MgO at 1550–1650 °C was experimentally determined and expressed by the following equation:

$$ \left( {\text{mass}}\% {\text{FeO}}\right)_{{{\text{in MgO}}}} = - 0.477\left( {\text{mass}}\% {\text{ CaO}} \right)/\left( {\text{mass}}\% {\text{ SiO}}_{{\text{2}}} \right) + 0.756\left( {\text{mass}}\% {\text{T.Fe}} \right) + 0.695\left( {\text{mass}}\% {\text{ MgO}} \right) + 437000/T - 224.3 $$

From these results, the conditions for the formation of free MgO phase that is not hydrated (or easily hydrated) were discussed.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ministry of Economy, Trade and industry, 3R policy. http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/recycle/main/admin_info/law/02/index02.html (Japanese)

  2. Nippon Slag Association, Annual report on steel slag statistics−utilization statistical table of blast furnace slag, converter slag and electric furnace slag. https://www.slg.jp/statistics/report.html (Japanese)

  3. Takayama S, Idemitsu T, Aida N, Sugi M, Tokuhara H (1996) The utilization of steel making slag improved by the method of steam aging as upper base materials. J JSCE 544/V-32:177–186 (Japanese)

  4. Horii K, Tsutsumi N, Kitano, Y, Kato T (2012) Processing and reusing technologies for steel-making slag. Shinnittetsu Giho 394:125–131 (Japanese)

  5. Soeda K, Hida T, Hayashi H, Kanbayashi M (1991) The influences of burning degree of quick lime and retarding agents on the expansive stress of quick lime hydration. Gypsum Lime 235:490–497 (Japanese)

  6. Sasaki M, Niida A, Otsuki T, Tsuchiya K, Nagao Y (1982) Stabilization mechanism of steel slag by aging treatment. Tetsu-to-Hagané 68:641–648 (Japanese)

  7. Nippon Slag Association, About steel slag. http://www.slg.jp/slag/product/road.html (Japanese)

  8. Sakaki T, Hamasaki T (2014) Development of steam aging treatment for steelmaking slag. Shinnittetsu Sumikin Giho 399:21–25 (Japanese)

  9. Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Pressurized steam aging equipment for steel slag. http://www.kankeiren.or.jp/kankyou/pdf/107.pdf (Japanese)

  10. Takeda S (1997) Recycling of iron and steel slag. Inorganic Mater 4:520–528 (Japanese)

  11. Ichihara A (2010) Pressurized steam aging equipment for steelmaking slag. Sanyo Techn Rep 17:54–57 (Japanese)

  12. Inoue R, Suito H (1995) Hydration of crystallized lime in BOF slags. ISIJ Int 35:272–279

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Razouk RI, Mikhail RSh (1958) The hydration of magnesium oxide from the vapor phase. J Phys Chem 62:920–925

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bratton RJ, Brindley GW (1965) Kinetics of vapour phase hydration of magnesium oxide part 2. −dependence on temperature and water vapour pressure. Trans Faraday Soc 61:1017–1025

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Feitknecht W, Braun H (1967) Der Mechanismus der Hydratation von Magnesiumoxid mit Wasserdampf. Helv Chim Acta 50:2040–2053

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Smithson GL, Bakhshi NN (1969) The kinetics and mechanism of the hydration of magnesium oxide in a batch reactor. Can J Chem Eng 47:508–513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kitamura A, Onizuka K, Tanaka K (1996) Hydration characteristics of magnesia. Taikabutu Overseas 16:3–11

    Google Scholar 

  18. Rocha SDF, Mnsur MB, Ciminelli VST (2004) Kinetics and mechanistic analysis of caustic magnesia hydration. J Chem Tech Biotech 79:816–821

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ohira Y, Obata E (2009) Effect of particle size on hydration rate of magnesium oxide. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu 35:543–547 (Japanese)

  20. Liu B, Thomas PS, Ray AS, Guerbois JP (2007) A TG analysis of the effect of calcination conditions on the properties of reactive magnesia. J Thermal Anal Calorimetry 88:143–149

    Google Scholar 

  21. Mo L, Deng M, Tang M (2010) Effects of calcination condition on expansion property of MgO-type expansive agent used in cement-based materials. Ceramic Concrete Res 40:437–446

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Huang L, Yang Z, Wang S (2020) Influence of calcination temperature on the structure and hydration of MgO. Construct Build Mater 262:120776

  23. Nishio H, Hisamoto T, Ogata M (1993) Distribution and mineralogical phase of B2O3 in sea-water magnesia clinkers. Taikabutsu 45:33–39 (Japanese)

  24. Takenouchi Y, Honta T, Kajita Y, Tsuchiya Y (1993) Slaking of magnesia clinkers. Taikabutsu 45:657 (Japanese)

  25. Tang X, Guo L, Chen C, Liu Q, Li T, Zhu Y (2014) The analysis of magnesium oxide hydration in three-phase reaction system. J Solid State Chem 213:32–37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Salomão R, Bittencourt LRM, Panndolfelli VC (2007) A novel approach for magnesia hydration assessment in refractory castables. Ceram Int 33:803–810

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Amaral LF, Oliveira IR, Salomão R, Frollini E, Pandolfelli VC (2010) Temperature and common-ion effect on magnesium oxide (MgO) hydration. Ceram Int 36:1047–1054

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hanada K, Inose M, Sato S, Watanabe K, Fujimoto K (2016) Development of analytical methods for free-MgO in steelmaking slag. Tetsu-to-Hagané102:24–28 (Japanese)

  29. Wu P, Eriksson G, Pelton AD, Blander M (1993) Prediction of the thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams of silicate systems-evaluation of the FeO-MgO-SiO2 system. ISIJ Int 33:26–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Phillips B, Somiya S, Muan A (1961) Melting relations of magnesium oxide-iron oxide mixtures in air. J Am Ceram Soc 44:167–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Tamura H, Takahashi K, Nagayama M (1977) The effect of Fe(III)-oxyhydroxides on the oxygenation of Fe2+ ions. Bull Faculty Eng 85:93–100 (Japanese)

  32. Han JS, Heo JH, Park JH (2019) Interfacial reaction between magnesia refractory and “FeO”-rich slag: formation of magnesiowüstite layer. Ceram Int 45:10481–10491

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Song S, Zhao J, Pistrius PC (2020) MgO refractory attack by transient non-saturated EAF Slag. Metall Mater Trans B 51(3):891–897

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was carried out with research grant from Steel Foundation for Environmental Protection Technology.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of International Resource Sciences, Akita University, 1-1 Tegatagakuen-machi, Akita, 010-8502, Japan

    Ryo Inoue & Yasushi Takasaki

  2. Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan

    Ryo Inoue & Shigeru Ueda

  3. JFE Mineral Company, LTD, 1-1Kawasaki-ku, Ogishima, 210-0868, Japan

    Madoka Uchidate & Natsumi Kado

  4. Godo Steel, LTD, 2-2-1 Minamikaijin, Funabashi, Chiba, 273-0023, Japan

    Shiori Kusukawa

  5. Faculty of International Resource Sciences, Akita University, 1-1 Tegatagakuen-machi, Akita, 010-8502, Japan

    Madoka Uchidate, Shiori Kusukawa & Natsumi Kado

Authors
  1. Ryo Inoue
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Madoka Uchidate
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shiori Kusukawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Natsumi Kado
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yasushi Takasaki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Shigeru Ueda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ryo Inoue.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

The contributing editor for this article was Sharif Jahanshahi.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Inoue, R., Uchidate, M., Kusukawa, S. et al. Control of Hydration of Free Magnesia in Steelmaking Slag. J. Sustain. Metall. 7, 818–830 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00401-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00401-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation