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Study on Evaporation Kinetics of Zn in Bi–Zn and Bi–Sn–Zn Systems Under Vacuum Condition

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Abstract

In this work, the experiments were carried out to investigate the evaporation kinetics of Zn in Bi–Zn and Bi–Sn–Zn systems under vacuum distillation. The evaporation rate of Zn in Bi–Zn and Bi–Sn–Zn systems were measured at pressure of 10 Pa. The activity coefficients of Zn for these two systems were modelled by the T–K-Wilson (Tsuboka–Katayama modified Wilson) equation. There is satisfactory agreement between the experimental results and the model calculations. The evaporation coefficients and evaporation rates of metal elements under vacuum conditions were obtained based on the Langmuir equation. The range of evaporation coefficients in the systems were determined. The results show that the evaporation ratio increases with increasing the temperature. The experimental and calculated evaporation rates of Zn in binary and ternary systems were discussed. In addition, the activation energies of Zn for the Bi–Zn and Bi–Sn–Zn alloys were calculated.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been funded by the Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 51764031.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, People’s Republic of China

    Weichen Zhao, Baoqiang Xu, Bin Yang & Hongwei Yang

  2. Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, People’s Republic of China

    Weichen Zhao, Baoqiang Xu & Hongwei Yang

Authors
  1. Weichen Zhao
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  2. Baoqiang Xu
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  3. Bin Yang
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  4. Hongwei Yang
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Correspondence to Hongwei Yang.

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We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work, there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the manuscript entitled “Study on evaporation kinetics of Zn in Bi–Zn and Bi–Sn–Zn systems under vacuum condition”.

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The contributing editor for this article was Adam Clayton Powell.

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Zhao, W., Xu, B., Yang, B. et al. Study on Evaporation Kinetics of Zn in Bi–Zn and Bi–Sn–Zn Systems Under Vacuum Condition. J. Sustain. Metall. 7, 995–1003 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00386-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00386-8

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