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Characterization of Waste-Integrated Multi-hybrid Structure for Enhancing Corrosion Resistance of High-Carbon Steel

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Abstract

Due to their exceptional properties, low-cost high-carbon steels have long been extensively utilized in many industrial applications. However, their corrosion resistance is poor for many applications and requires further enhancement. Various methods have been developed to achieve this, but they suffer from some limitations. In the work presented herein, a single-stage heat treatment process was applied at low temperature and utilizing waste materials for comparison as new resources, being shown to be a cost-effective approach. In the framework of this study, a multi-hybrid coating structure was developed on the surface of high-carbon steel by applying a single-step heat treatment process and utilizing various waste materials, namely metallurgical slag, glass, and automotive shredder residue (ASR). The results reveal that not only was the process completed in a short time but significant enhancements in the corrosion resistance and hardness performance were achieved. Analyses were performed by high-resolution laser scanning confocal microscopy, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in peak force quantitative nanomechanical (PF-QNM) mode. The electrochemical corrosion performance was tested using Tafel method. Both the Young’s modulus and corrosion resistance of the steels treated using the waste materials were improved compared with the base material. This approach opens a new perspective for utilizing waste materials to obtain environmentally sustainable products in a cost-effective fashion, thereby reducing reliance on new resources as well as disposal of waste materials in landfill.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported under Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) and Australian Research Council’s Industrial Transformation Research Hub funding scheme (project IH130200025). The authors gratefully acknowledge technical support provided by UNSW Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre – Electron Microscope Unit in UNSW Sydney.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology (SMaRT Centre), School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia

    Wilson Handoko, Farshid Pahlevani & Veena Sahajwalla

  2. Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia

    Yin Yao & Karen Privat

Authors
  1. Wilson Handoko
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  2. Farshid Pahlevani
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  3. Yin Yao
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  4. Karen Privat
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  5. Veena Sahajwalla
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Contributions

W.H. designed and performed experiments and data analysis. F.P. performed experiments and critically analyzed the data. Y.Y. performed FIB-SEM and AFM analyses. K.P. performed EPMA analysis. V.S. supervised the study and gave recommendations to revise the manuscript. W.H. wrote the manuscript, and all authors analyzed the data, discussed the results, and read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Wilson Handoko or Farshid Pahlevani.

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The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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The contributing editor for this article was João António Labrincha Batista.

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Handoko, W., Pahlevani, F., Yao, Y. et al. Characterization of Waste-Integrated Multi-hybrid Structure for Enhancing Corrosion Resistance of High-Carbon Steel. J. Sustain. Metall. 7, 166–177 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-020-00330-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-020-00330-2

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