Abstract
A condensed overview about the forefathers’ and Mendeleev’s contribution to the compilation of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements is presented. Milestones en route to the modern Periodic Table are ‘electrification’ of the Periodic Law, discovery of the rare-earth elements and the noble gases, investigation of the atomic structure and discovery of the transuranic elements. Then the contribution focuses on the Table’s short form as toolbox for learning the basics of inorganic chemistry. Similarities and differences in the chemical behavior of elements on the basis of full, close and approximate electronic analogies and the kainosymmetric sublevels (1s, 2p, 3d, 4f) are described. A question/answer section completes the article.
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23 April 2020
We regret that Table��2 did not list all 118 elements of Mendeleev���s Periodic Table.
Notes
The modern definition of the atomic mass (often incorrectly called ‘atomic weight’) is the average mass of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element. Since 1961 the atomic mass unit (amu) is defined using carbon’s most common isotope 12C as the reference standard. The molar mass (g mol−1) is defined as the amount of a given substance (chemical element or chemical compound) per mole (6.022 × 1023) atoms or molecules.
Orbitals which have the least value of (n+ℓ) will be filled first with electrons. If there are two orbitals that have the same value of (n+ℓ), then the orbital that has the least value of ‘n’ will be filled first. ‘n’ is the principal quantum number and ‘ℓ’ the orbital angular momentum quantum number.
The nucleus of a heavy element captures the inner electron, one of the protons transforms to a neutron and the atomic number is reduced by one.
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The authors are indebted to Prof. Dr. Fritz Scholz for his invaluable discussions and stimulating ideas.
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Andriiko, A.A., Lunk, HJ. The short form of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table of Chemical Elements: toolbox for learning the basics of inorganic chemistry. A contribution to celebrate 150 years of the Periodic Table in 2019. ChemTexts 4, 4 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40828-018-0059-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40828-018-0059-y