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Effect of Reductants on the NOx Storage Performance of a Pd/CZO Low Temperature NOx Adsorber

  • Special Issue: 2018 CLEERS Workshop, September 18-20, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
  • Published:
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Abstract

Low temperature NOx adsorbers (LTNA) adsorb the NOx emissions from diesel engines during the cold start period and then thermally release the NOx when the downstream urea SCR system is operational. A degreened monolithic core sample of a LTNA with palladium on a ceria-zirconia washcoat (Pd/CZO) was evaluated for NOx storage performance under lean conditions using a reactor-based transient temperature test with and without different reductants [i.e., ethylene (C2H4), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), or a 3:1 CO:H2 mix]. Relative to tests without a reductant, all four reductants increased the amount of NOx stored on the LTNA. The NOx storage performance decreased gradually during consecutive tests. Lean methane (CH4) oxidation was used to probe the average oxidation state of the PdOx in the LTNA after the transient tests. The PdOx was reduced similarly on tests with NO alone and with NO and each reductant but significantly less with the reductant alone. NO alone reduced the PdOx by reacting with the PdOx to form NO2 between 200 and 210 °C. CH4 oxidation tests were also performed after the bed temperature exceeded 185 °C on transient tests with and without the reductants (i.e., after the NOx storage period). There was little PdOx reduction with NO alone or reductant alone, but there was significant and similar PdOx reduction with NO and each reductant. This supported a mechanism where NO and the reductant interacted to form a chemical intermediate on a PdOx site, reducing the PdOx in the process. The oxidation state of the PdOx was also determined as a function of time during transient tests with and without the reductants. CO and CO/H2 reduced the PdOx more rapidly than C2H4 or H2, which correlated with the superior NOx storage performance with CO and CO/H2. It is proposed that the PdOx reduction was responsible for the gradual drop in NOx storage efficiency on consecutive tests. Consistent with that, the maximum performance could be recovered by oxidizing the catalyst between 700 and 750 °C. Future work includes a similar assessment of zeolite-based LTNAs which are more sulfur tolerant than ceria-based LTNAs.

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Abbreviations

C2H4 :

ethylene

Ce:

cerium

CH4 :

methane

CO:

carbon monoxide

CO2 :

carbon dioxide

DOC:

diesel oxidation catalyst

ExitNOx:

NOx concentration exiting the reactor

FGNOx:

feedgas NOx entering the reactor

FTP:

federal test procedure

H2 :

hydrogen

H2O:

water

HC:

hydrocarbon

LNT:

lean NOx trap

LTNA:

low temperature NOx adsorber

N2 :

nitrogen

N2O:

nitrous oxide

NO:

nitric oxide

NOx:

oxides of nitrogen = NO +NO2

NO2 :

nitrogen dioxide

–NO2 :

nitrite

–NO3 :

nitrate

O2 :

oxygen

Pt:

platinum

Pd:

palladium

PGM:

platinum group metal

PM:

particulate matter

SCR:

selective catalytic reduction

TWC:

three-way catalyst

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  1. Chemical Engineering Department, Ford Motor Company, 2101 Village Road, Dearborn, MI, 48121, USA

    Joseph R. Theis & Christine K. Lambert

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  1. Joseph R. Theis
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Theis, J.R., Lambert, C.K. Effect of Reductants on the NOx Storage Performance of a Pd/CZO Low Temperature NOx Adsorber. Emiss. Control Sci. Technol. 5, 215–224 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40825-019-00121-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40825-019-00121-6

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