Abstract
Proper knowledge of watershed geometry and the geomorphic condition is a prerequisite before developing and implementing any watershed management plan. Hence, GIS-based morphometric analysis has gained more importance in delineating natural drainage systems as well as watershed prioritization and management. The present study introduces a hybrid model by integrating geo-informatics and multivariate statistical models to evaluate the most significant erosion-prone morphometric parameters (EPMPs) and sub-watersheds (SWS) in the Dharla River watershed (DRW). Two statistical methods i.e. principal component analysis (PCA) and PCA adopted weighted sum model (PCA-WSM) are combinedly applied to prioritize the SWS. Nine SWS along with the stream network are delineated using shuttle radar topography mission digital elevation model (SRTM-DEM) of the study area to optimize the morphometric parameters (MPs) (i.e. linear, areal, and shape). Twelve primarily selected EPMPs are successfully reduced to the four most significant EPMPs (T, Ff, Re, and Cc) through PCA to optimize the most susceptible SWS for land management practices. PCA identifies SWS-6 as the most vulnerable zone, with the lowest compound factor (CF) value, and the PCA-WSM yields a similar conclusion. The correlative study between these two methods reclassifies the nine SWS into the high, medium, and low priority zones, with SWS-1, SWS-5, SWS-6, and SWS-9 in the high priority zone, SWS-4 in the medium priority zone, and SWS-3 in the low priority zone, while others show their existence in different zones. The high priority reflects a high risk for erosion; hence, required an immediate action plan for soil conservation and protection. The PCA and PCA-WSM show a significant level of consistency (66.67%) in identifying susceptible zone for soil erosion. Therefore, the proposed methods will be more effective for watershed prioritization study in terms of erosion risk assessment.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments on data processing and interpretation, which helps to enhance the manuscript’s quality. We would like to express our gratitude to the USGS for providing the SRTM DEM available online and also thanks to the Survey of Bangladesh for providing the topographic map. We would also like to thank the IMMM staff for their tireless efforts in the field and laboratory. Finally, we would like to express our appreciation to Mst. Arifa Akter for her pleasant assistance in developing the manuscript.
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Rahman, M.M., Zaman, M.N. & Biswas, P.K. Optimization of significant morphometric parameters and sub-watershed prioritization using PCA and PCA-WSM for soil conservation: a case study in Dharla River watershed, Bangladesh. Model. Earth Syst. Environ. 8, 2661–2674 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-021-01255-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-021-01255-9