Abstract
Vertical electrical sounding (VES), pumping test and grain size distribution techniques have been used to model the hydraulic parameters in Ovwian, Nigeria. Twenty-two depth soundings were carried out with a maximum current electrode separation of 400 m to delineate the aquifer layers while the pumping test and grain size distribution procedures were conducted by drilling two boreholes where thirteen representative soil samples were collected at an interval of 3.048 m. The field data obtained from the resistivity sounding were modelled using the Win Resist software and the results when correlated with borehole log identified five geoelectric units made up of the topsoil, clayey sand, sandstone, fine grain sand and coarse grain sand. The sands of the third and fourth geologic layers constitute the aquiferous units with depth which varied between 6 and 42 m while the aquifer resistivity ranged between 100 and 2100 Ωm. The pumping test was analysed using the Copper Jacob method and the results revealed that the hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity of the aquifer from the reference well are 30.467 m/day and 495.072 m2/day, respectively. These results together with results from the vertical electrical soundings were used to model the hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity values for the area. This showed that the hydraulic conductivity of the area ranged from 28.595 to 38.435 m/day, with a mean value of 30.757 m/day while the transmissivity ranged from 185.697 to 1310.636 m2/day, with a mean of 495.752 m2/day. The grain size distribution analysis also revealed the hydraulic conductivity value of 1.46–171.94 m/day with an average of 38.880 m/day, while transmissivity ranged from 23.725 to 2794.025 m2/day with an average values of 631.738 m2/day. The close approximations of the results revealed the reliability of the VES, pumping test and grain size distribution analysis in the estimation of aquifer hydraulic parameters for groundwater resource development. Analyses of the results obtained in this study suggest that the aquifer is prolific and highly permeable with a high degree of rechargeability.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alhassan DU, Obiora DN, Okeke FN, Ibuot JU (2018) Investigation of groundwater potential of southern Paiko, northcentral Nigeria, using seismic refraction method. Model Earth Syst Environ 4:555–564
Anasuya D, Saumen M, Suneetha N, Gautam G (2017) Estimation of spatial variability of aquifer parameters from geophysical methods: a case study of Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra, India. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 31:1709–1726
Anomohanran O (2015) Hydrogeophysical investigation of aquifer properties and lithological strata in Abraka, Nigeria. J Afr Earth Sci 102:247–253
Anomohanran O, Iserhien-Emekeme RE (2014) Estimation of aquifer parameters in Erho, Nigeria using the Cooper-Jacob evaluation method. Am J Environ Sci 10(5):500–508
Anomohanran O, Oseme JI, Iserhien-Emekeme RE, Ofomola MO (2020) Determination of groundwater potential and aquifer hydraulic characteristics in Agbor, Nigeria using geo-electric, geophysical well logging and pumping test techniques. Model Earth Syst Environ. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40808-020-00888-6
Avbovbo AA (1978) Tertiary lithostratigraphy of Niger Delta. Bull Am Assoc Petrol Geol 62:295–300
Award HS, Al-Bassam AM (2001) HYDCOND: a computer program to calculate hydraulic conductivity from grain size data in Saudi Arabia. Water Res Dev 17(2):237–246
Aweto KE, Akpoborie IA (2015) Estimating aquifer parameters with geoelectric soundings: case study from the shallow, Benin Formation at Orerokpe, Western Niger Delta, Nigeria, British. J Appl Sci Technol 6(5):486–496
Boufala M, El-Hmaidi A, Chadli K, Essahlaoui A, El-Ouali A, Taia S (2019) Hydrological modeling of water and soil resources in the basin upstream of the Allal El Fassi dam (Upper Sebou watershed, Morocco). Model Earth Syst Environ 5:1163–1177
Chakrabortty R, Pal SC, Malik S, Das B (2018) Modeling and mapping of groundwater potentiality zones using AHP and GIS technique: a case study of Raniganj Block, Paschim Bardhaman, West Bengal. Model Earth Syst Environ 4:1085–1110
Egbai JC, Iserhien-Emekeme RE (2015) Aquifer transmissivity, Dar Zarrouk parameters and groundwater flow direction in Abudu, Edo State, Nigeria. Int J Sci Environ Technol 4(3):628–640
Ekanem AM (2020) Georesistivity modelling and appraisal of soil water retention capacity in Akwa Ibom State University main campus and its environs, Southern Nigeria. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment 6:2597–2608
Etu-Efeotor JO, Akpokodje EG (1990) Aquifer System of the Niger Delta. Nigerian Journal of Mining Geology 26(2):279–284
Etu-Efeotor JO, Odigi MI (1983) Water supply problems in the eastern Niger Delta. Journal of Mining Geology, 20(1,2):183-193
Freeze RA, Cherry JA (1979) Groundwater. Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, p 603
Gheorghe A (1978) Processing and synthesis of hydrological Data. Abacus Press, Tumbridge Wells, pp 122–136
Gobo AE, Ubong UI, Ede PN (1988) Relationship between rainfall trends and flooding in Niger-Benue River basin. The Journal of Meteorology. 13(132):318–324
Gogoi U (2013) Determination of aquifer parameters of the shallow aquifers of Barak valley, Assam, India. International Bulletin of Water Resources Development. 1:1–13
Ha D, Zheng G, Zhou H, Zeng C, Zhang H (2019) Estimation of hydraulic parameters from pumping tests in a multiaquifer system, Under-ground Space, (In Press) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.undsp.2019.03.006
Halford KJ, Wright WD, Schreiber RP (2006) Interpretation of transmissivity estimates from single well pumping aquifer tests. Ground Water 44:467–471. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00151.x
Hazen A (1982) Some physical properties of sands and gravels. Annual Report. Massachusetts State Board of Health, Massachusetts, pp 539–556
Heigold PC, Gilkeson RH, Cartwright K, Reed PC (1979) Aquifer transmissivity from surficial electrical methods. Ground Water 17(4):338–345
Idris-Nda A (2013) Estimating Aquifer Hydraulic Properties in Bida Basin, Central Nigeria Using Empirical Methods. Earth Science Research 2(1):209–221
Ige OO, Obasaju DO, Baiyegunhi C, Ogunsanwo O, Baiyegunhi TL (2018) Evaluation of aquifer hydraulic characteristics using geoelectrical sounding, pumping and laboratory tests: a case study of Lokoja and Patti Formations, Southern Bida Basin. Nigeria. Open Geosciences 10(1):807–820
Iserhien-Emekeme RE (2014) Electrical resistivity survey for predicting aquifer at Onicha-Ugbo, Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2:520–527
Ishaku JM, Gadzama EW, Kaigama U (2011) Evaluation of empirical formulae for the determination of hydraulic conductivity based on grain-size analysis. Journal of Geology and Mining Research 3(4):105–113
Kazakis N, Vargemis G, Voudouris KS (2016) Estimation of hydraulic parameters in a complex porous aquifer system using geoelectrical methods. Sci Total Environ 550:742–750
Khodapanah L, Dizaji A, Khodapanah N, Saatsaz M (2019) Geo-electrical survey for assessing aquifer characteristics and groundwater potential in Eshtehard Plain. Iran. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 14(3):982–992
Kogbe CA (1976) Paleogeographic history of Nigeria from albian times. In: Kogbe CA (ed) Geology of Nigeria. Elizabethan Publishers, Lagos, pp 237–252
MacDonald A, Davies J, Calow R, Chilton J (2005) Developing groundwater: a guide for rural water supply. ITDG Publishing, Rugby
Mbonu PDC, Ebeniro JO, Ofoegbu CO, Ekine AS (1991) Geoelectric sounding for the determination of aquifer characteristics in parts of the Umuahia area of Nigeria. Geophysics 56:284–291
Mosuro GO, Omosanya KO, Bayewu OO, Oloruntola MO (2017) Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to leachate infiltration using electrical resistivity method. Applied Water Science 7:2195–2207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-016-0393-4
Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMA) (2003) Warri Meteorological Bulletin. In: Annual National Meteorological Report
Niwas S, Tezkan B, Israil M (2011) Aquifer hydraulic conductivity estimation from surface geoelectrical measurements for Krauthausen test site. Germany. Hydrogeology Journal 19(2):307–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0689-7
Obiora DN, Ibuot JC, Alhassan UD, Okeke FN (2018) Study of aquifer characteristics in northern Paiko, Niger State, Nigeria, using geoelectric resistivity method. Int J Environ Sci Technol 15(11):2423–2432
Odong J (2007) Evaluation of empirical formulae for determination of hydraulic conductivity based on grain-size analysis. Journal of American Science 3(3):54–60
Ofomola MO (2014) Aquifer characterization and groundwater quality studies in part of Niger Delta area using geoelectric and hydrogeochemical methods. Nigeria Journal of Physics. 25(2):96–106
Oguama BE, Ibuot JC, Obiora DN, Aka MU (2019) Geophysical investigation of groundwater potential, aquifer parameters, and vulnerability: a case study of Enugu State College of Education (Technical). Model Earth Syst Environ 5:1123–1133
Okiongbo KS, Akpofure E (2012) Determination of aquifer properties and groundwater vulnerability mapping using geoelectric method in Yenagoa city and its environs in Bayelsa State, South Nigeria. Journal of Water Resources and Protection. 4:354–362. https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2012.46039
Rajasekhar P, Vimal KP, Mansoor M (2014) Determination of confined aquifer parameters by Sushil K. Singh method. Am Int J Res Sci Technol Eng Math 5:158–163
Reijers TJA (2011) Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Niger Delta. Geologos 17(3):133–162. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10118-011-0008-3
Reyment RA (1965) Aspects of geology of Nigeria. University of Ibadan Press, Ibadan, p 145
Schwartz FW, Zhang H (2003) Fundamentals of groundwater. Wiley, Oxford, p 583
Short KC, Stauble AJ (1967) Outline of geology of Niger delta. AAPG Bull 51:761–779
Soupios PM, Kouli M, Vallianatos F, Vafidis A, Stavroulakis G (2007) Estimation of aquifer hydraulic parameters from surficial geophysical methods. A case study of Keritis Basin in Chania (Crete–Greece). J Hydrol 338:122–131
Straface S, Fallico C, Troisi S, Rizzo E, Revil A (2007) An Inverse procedure to estimate transmissivity from heads and sp signals. Ground Water 45:420–428. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00310x
Teatini P, Tosi L, Viezzoli A, Baradello L, Zecchin M, Silvestri S (2011) Understanding the hydrogeology of the Venice Lagoon subsurface with airborne electromagnetics. J Hydrol 411:342–354
Theeba MR, Easther GK, Toh WK, Foo QL, Lee PC (2015) Pilot study on development of mobile water treatment system for flood prone area. Int J Eng Technol Sci 4(1):57–68
Tizro TA, Voudouris KS, Salehzade M, Mashayekhi H (2010) Hydrogeological framework and estimation of aquifer hydraulic parameters using geoelectrical data: a case study from West Iran. Hydrogeol J 18:917–929. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0580-6
Tizro TA, Voudouris KS, Kamali M (2014) Comparative study of step drawdown and constant discharge tests to determine the aquifer Transmissivity: the Kangavar aquifer case study, Iran. J Water Resour Hydraul Eng 3(1):12–21
Travel warning (2008) Ovwian in Delta destination guide. http://www.tripmondo.com. Accessed 17th May 2020
Vienken T, Dietrich P (2011) Field evaluation of methods for determining hydraulic conductivity from grain size data. J Hydrol 400:58–71
Vrbka P, Ojo OJ, Gebhardt H (1999) Hydraulic characteristics of the Maastrichtian sedimentary rocks of the southeastern Bida Basin, central Nigeria. J Afr Earth Sci 29(4):659–667
Weber KJ, Daukoro EM (1975) Petroleum Geology of the Niger Delta: Proceedings of the Ninth World Petroleum Congress, vol 2. Geology: Applied Science Publishers Ltd, London, pp 210–221
Yu-Media (2017). Ovwian Nigeria weather atlas, http://www.weather-nga.com/en/nigeriaovwian. Accessed 10th Apr 2017
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Iserhien-Emekeme, R.E., Ofomola, M.O., Ohwoghere-Asuma, O. et al. Modelling aquifer parameters using surficial geophysical techniques: a case study of Ovwian, Southern Nigeria. Model. Earth Syst. Environ. 7, 2297–2312 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-01030-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-01030-2