Abstract
In this study, the effect of phase shift under multiaxial excitation on fatigue damage was investigated for the roof components of electrical driven bus. The experiments were performed using a servo-hydraulic controlled multiaxial shaker. Firstly, phase degree and concurrence of servo-hydraulic actuators were calculated and compared for in-phase and out-of-phase loading cases. Following response signals of both loadings were acquired to investigate the dynamic response of the structure and roof components. Both test loadings were compared by level crossing counting and damage calculations in the frequency domain. The results indicate that the out-of-phase loading can reduce the acceleration and strain values on the flaps induced damage significantly compared to in-phase loading. Furthermore, the out-of-phase loading of bench testing corresponds well to the experimental results of rough road, which represent customer drive conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sonsino CM (2007) Fatigue testing under variable amplitude loading. Int J Fatigue 29:1080–1089
Cianetti F, Alvino A, Bolognini A, Palmieri M, Braccesi C (2017) On field durability tests of mechanical systems. The use of the fatigue damage spectrum. Procedia Structural Integrity 3:176–190
Zhou Y, Tao J (2019) Theoretical and numerical investigation of stress mode shapes in multi-axial random fatigue. Mech Syst Signal Process 127:499–512
Halfpenny A, A frequency domain approach for fatigue life estimation from Finite Element Analysis, Presented at International Conference on Damage Assessment of Structures (DAMAS 99) Dublin
Ugras RC, Alkan OK, Orhan S, Kutlu M, Mugan A (2019) Real time high cycle fatigue estimation algorithm and load history monitoring for vehicles by the use of frequency domain methods. Mech Syst Signal Process 118:290–304
Yazici H, Sever M (2016) Observer based optimal vibration control of a full aircraft system having active landing gears and biodynamic pilot model. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Shock and Vibration 2016:1–20
Infante-García D, Qian G, Miguélez H (2019) Eugenio giner analysis of the effect of out-of-phase biaxial fatigue loads on crack paths in cruciform specimens using XFEM. Int J Fatigue 123:87–95
Wolf CH, Henkel S, Burgold A, Qiu Y, Kuna M (2019) Investigation of fatigue crack growth under in-phase loading as well as phase-shifted loading using cruciform specimens. Int J Fatigue 124:595–617
nCode 2018.1, User’s Manual, United Kingdom, 2018
Schoenborn S, Kaufmann H, Sonsino CM, Heim R (2016) Variable amplitude fatigue of high-strength cast iron alloys for automotive applications. Int J Fatigue 91:445–458
Wang M, Zhang B, Chen Y, Zhang N, Zhang J (2020) Frequency-based modeling of a vehicle fitted with roll-plane hydraulically interconnected suspension for ride comfort and experimental validation. IEEE Access 8:1091–1104. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2935260
Qi H, Chen Y, Zhang N, Zhang B, Wang D, Tan B (2020) Improvement of both handling stability and ride comfort of a vehicle via coupled hydraulically interconnected suspension and electronic controlled air spring. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234:552–571. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407019856538
Qi H, Zhang B, Zhang N, Zheng M et al (2019) Enhanced lateral and roll stability study for a two-axle bus via hydraulically interconnected suspension tuning. SAE Int J Veh Dyn, Stab, and NVH 3(1):5–18. https://doi.org/10.4271/10-03-01-0001
Shirahatti A, Prasad PSS, Panzade P, Kulkarni MM (2008) Optimal design of passenger car suspension for ride and road holding. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 30(1):66–76. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-58782008000100010
Acknowledgements
This research is supported by Mercedes Benz Türk A.Ş.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sönmez, D. The Effect of Load Phase Angle on Roof Components of Electric Driven Bus Fatigue Damage. Exp Tech 46, 413–427 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40799-021-00486-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40799-021-00486-w