Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Management of Atrial Tachyarrhythmias in Adults With Single Ventricle Heart Disease

  • Cardiology/CT Surgery (K Gist, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of review

In this manuscript, we review the modifications to the Fontan operation along with the incidence, etiology, and outcomes of atrial tachyarrhythmias in adults with single ventricle heart disease. Medical, interventional, device, and surgical management of these arrhythmias is discussed in detail.

Recent findings

Atrial tachyarrhythmias are the most common late complication following the Fontan operation present in > 50% of patients 20 years after palliation. Management of these arrhythmias is difficult, but advances in device and electrophysiology technology have made treatment more successful. For patients with atrio-pulmonary Fontan circulation, Fontan conversion surgery may be warranted.

Summary

Atrial tachyarrhythmias in adults with single ventricle heart disease are very common and associated with poor outcomes. The etiology of these dysrhythmias is multifactorial and change over time. Treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias in this population is challenging, involving both medical and invasive therapies, and recurrence is common. These complex patients are best served by a multi-disciplinary team involving adult congenital cardiologists and congenital heart disease interventionalist and surgeons.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References and Recommended Reading

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance

  1. Fontan F, Baudet E. Surgical repair of tricuspid atresia. Thorax. 1971;26(3):240–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. d’Udekem Y, et al. Redefining expectations of long-term survival after the Fontan procedure: twenty-five years of follow-up from the entire population of Australia and New Zealand. Circulation. 2014;130(11 Suppl 1):S32–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Downing, T.E., et al., Long-term survival after the Fontan operation: twenty years of experience at a single center. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2017. 154(1): p. 243–253 e2.

  4. Khairy P, et al. Long-term survival, modes of death, and predictors of mortality in patients with Fontan surgery. Circulation. 2008;117(1):85–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Ono M, et al. Clinical outcome of patients 20 years after Fontan operation–effect of fenestration on late morbidity. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006;30(6):923–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Pundi KN, et al. 40-year follow-up after the Fontan operation: long-term outcomes of 1,052 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66(15):1700–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Schilling C, et al. The Fontan epidemic: population projections from the Australia and New Zealand Fontan Registry. Int J Cardiol. 2016;219:14–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. • Rychik J, et al. Evaluation and management of the child and adult with Fontan circulation: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 2019: p. CIR0000000000000696. Scientific statement from the American Heart Association summarizing the current state of knowledge on the Fontan circulation and its consequences. This document reviews in detail the various complications adults with Fontan circulation suffer and discusses various treatment options. It also proposes a surveillance testing tool kit that provides recommendations for follow-up care. Finally, it highlights gaps in knowledge for this patient population and suggests areas of focus moving forward to improve quality of life for these individuals.

  9. de Leval MR et al. Total cavopulmonary connection: a logical alternative to atriopulmonary connection for complex Fontan operations Experimental studies and early clinical experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1988. 96(5): 682–95.

  10. Marcelletti C, et al. Inferior vena cava-pulmonary artery extracardiac conduit A new form of right heart bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1990;100(2):228–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Song MK, et al. Intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia in adult patients after Fontan operation. Int J Cardiol. 2015;187:157–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Weipert J, et al. Occurrence and management of atrial arrhythmia after long-term Fontan circulation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004;127(2):457–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Deal BJ. Late arrhythmias following fontan surgery. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2012;3(2):194–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Quinton E, et al. Prevalence of atrial tachyarrhythmia in adults after Fontan operation. Heart. 2015;101(20):1672–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Balaji S, et al. An international multicenter study comparing arrhythmia prevalence between the intracardiac lateral tunnel and the extracardiac conduit type of Fontan operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;148(2):576–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Bossers SS et al. Comprehensive rhythm evaluation in a large contemporary Fontan population. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2015. 48(6): p. 833–40; discussion 840–1.

  17. Carins TA et al. Long-term outcomes after first-onset arrhythmia in Fontan physiology. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2016. 152(5): p. 1355–1363 e1.

  18. Stephenson EA, et al. Arrhythmias in a contemporary fontan cohort: prevalence and clinical associations in a multicenter cross-sectional study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56(11):890–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. d’Udekem Y, et al. The Fontan procedure: contemporary techniques have improved long-term outcomes. Circulation. 2007;116(11 Suppl):I157–64.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Azakie A, et al. Extracardiac conduit versus lateral tunnel cavopulmonary connections at a single institution: impact on outcomes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;122(6):1219–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Hakacova N, Lakomy M, Kovacikova L. Arrhythmias after Fontan operation: comparison of lateral tunnel and extracardiac conduit. J Electrocardiol. 2008;41(2):173–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Nurnberg JH et al. New onset arrhythmias after the extracardiac conduit Fontan operation compared with the intraatrial lateral tunnel procedure: early and midterm results. Ann Thorac Surg, 2004. 78(6): 1979–88; discussion 1988.

  23. de Groot NM, et al. Long-term outcome of ablative therapy of postoperative supraventricular tachycardias in patients with univentricular heart: a European multicenter study. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2009;2(3):242–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Egbe AC, et al. Outcomes in adult Fontan patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias. Am Heart J. 2017;186:12–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Karbassi A, et al. Atrial tachyarrhythmia in adult congenital heart disease. World J Cardiol. 2017;9(6):496–507.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Walsh EP, Cecchin F. Arrhythmias in adult patients with congenital heart disease. Circulation. 2007;115(4):534–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Deal BJ, Jacobs ML. Management of the failing Fontan circulation. Heart. 2012;98(14):1098–104.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Kollengode M, et al. Successful atrial fibrillation ablation without pulmonary vein isolation utilizing focal impulse and rotor mapping in an atriopulmonary Fontan. HeartRhythm Case Rep. 2018;4(6):241–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Labombarda F, et al. Increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation and permanent atrial arrhythmias in congenital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(7):857–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Lasa JJ, et al. Prevalence of arrhythmias late after the Fontan operation. Am J Cardiol. 2014;113(7):1184–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Ghai A, et al. Outcomes of late atrial tachyarrhythmias in adults after the Fontan operation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37(2):585–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Stamm C, et al. Long-term results of the lateral tunnel Fontan operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;121(1):28–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Kverneland LS, Kramer P, Ovroutski S. Five decades of the Fontan operation: a systematic review of international reports on outcomes after univentricular palliation. Congenit Heart Dis. 2018;13(2):181–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Cecchin F, et al. Effect of age and surgical technique on symptomatic arrhythmias after the Fontan procedure. Am J Cardiol. 1995;76(5):386–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Mertens L et al. Protein-losing enteropathy after the Fontan operation: an international multicenter study. PLE study group. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1998. 115(5): 1063–73.

  36. van den Bosch AE, et al. Long-term outcome and quality of life in adult patients after the Fontan operation. Am J Cardiol. 2004;93(9):1141–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Khairy P, et al. Arrhythmias in adult congenital heart disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2006;4(1):83–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Khairy P, Poirier N, Mercier LA. Univentricular heart. Circulation. 2007;115(6):800–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Pundi KN, et al. Sudden cardiac death and late arrhythmias after the Fontan operation. Congenit Heart Dis. 2017;12(1):17–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Diller GP, et al. Predictors of morbidity and mortality in contemporary Fontan patients: results from a multicenter study including cardiopulmonary exercise testing in 321 patients. Eur Heart J. 2010;31(24):3073–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Giannakoulas G, et al. Atrial tachyarrhythmias late after Fontan operation are related to increase in mortality and hospitalization. Int J Cardiol. 2012;157(2):221–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Deal BJ, Mavroudis C, Backer CL. Arrhythmia management in the Fontan patient. Pediatr Cardiol. 2007;28(6):448–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Hernandez-Madrid A, et al. Arrhythmias in congenital heart disease: a position paper of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Working Group on Grown-up Congenital heart disease, endorsed by HRS, PACES, APHRS, and SOLAECE. Europace. 2018;20(11):1719–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. • Khairy P et al. PACES/HRS expert consensus statement on the recognition and management of arrhythmias in adult congenital heart disease: developed in partnership between the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES) and the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS). Endorsed by the governing bodies of PACES, HRS, the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American Heart Association (AHA), the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society (CHRS), and the International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ISACHD). Heart Rhythm, 2014. 11(10): p. e102–65. (Consensus statement from the PACES and HRS on the recognition and management of arrhythmias in adult congenital heart disease. This detailed report critically appraises and synthesizes the available data to present evidence-based recommendations (when available) and expert opinon on the strategies for arrhythmia management in this complex patient population including medical treatment, catheteter-based interventions, device therapy, and surgical options. In addition, there is a specific section dedicated to adults with single ventricle physiology.)

  45. January CT, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2014;130(23):2071–104.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Kirchhof P, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(38):2893–962.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Idorn L, et al. Thromboembolic complications in Fontan patients: population-based prevalence and exploration of the etiology. Pediatr Cardiol. 2013;34(2):262–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Wan D et al. Atrial arrhythmias and thromboembolic complications in adults post Fontan surgery. Open Heart, 2020. 7(2).

  49. El-Assaad I, et al. Use of dofetilide in adult patients with atrial arrhythmias and congenital heart disease: a PACES collaborative study. Heart Rhythm. 2016;13(10):2034–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Fujita S, et al. Management of late atrial tachyarrhythmia long after Fontan operation. J Cardiol. 2009;53(3):410–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Hoyer AW, Balaji S. The safety and efficacy of ibutilide in children and in patients with congenital heart disease. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2007;30(8):1003–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Moore JP, Khairy P. Adults with congenital heart disease and arrhythmia management. Cardiol Clin. 2020;38(3):417–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Rao SO, et al. Atrial tachycardias in young adults and adolescents with congenital heart disease: conversion using single dose oral sotalol. Int J Cardiol. 2009;136(3):253–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Stout KK, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019;139(14):e637–97.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Zentner D, et al. Management of people with a Fontan circulation: a Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand Position statement. Heart Lung Circ. 2020;29(1):5–39.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Page RL, et al. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the management of adult patients with supraventricular tachycardia: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(13):e27–115.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Fish FA, P.C. Gillette, and D.W. Benson, Jr., Proarrhythmia, cardiac arrest and death in young patients receiving encainide and flecainide. The Pediatric Electrophysiology Group. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1991. 18(2): 356–65.

  58. January CT, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(21):e1-76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Moore BM, et al. Adverse effects of amiodarone therapy in adults with congenital heart disease. Congenit Heart Dis. 2018;13(6):944–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Thorne SA, et al. Amiodarone-associated thyroid dysfunction: risk factors in adults with congenital heart disease. Circulation. 1999;100(2):149–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Miyazaki A, et al. Efficacy and safety of sotalol for refractory tachyarrhythmias in congenital heart disease. Circ J. 2008;72(12):1998–2003.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Moore BM, et al. Efficacy and adverse effects of sotalol in adults with congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiol. 2019;274:74–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Koyak Z, et al. Efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs in adults with congenital heart disease and supraventricular tachycardias. Am J Cardiol. 2013;112(9):1461–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Banchs JE, et al. Clinical efficacy of dofetilide for the treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease. Congenit Heart Dis. 2014;9(3):221–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Wells R, et al. Dofetilide for atrial arrhythmias in congenital heart disease: a multicenter study. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2009;32(10):1313–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Egbe AC, et al. Recurrent sustained atrial arrhythmias and thromboembolism in Fontan patients with total cavopulmonary connection. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2021;33:100754.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Egbe AC, et al. Thrombotic and embolic complications associated with atrial arrhythmia after fontan operation: role of prophylactic therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(12):1312–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. McCrindle BW, et al. Factors associated with thrombotic complications after the Fontan procedure: a secondary analysis of a multicenter, randomized trial of primary thromboprophylaxis for 2 years after the Fontan procedure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(3):346–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Rosenthal DN et al. Thromboembolic complications after Fontan operations. Circulation, 1995. 92(9 Suppl): p. II287–93.

  70. Georgekutty J, et al. Novel oral anticoagulant use in adult Fontan patients: a single center experience. Congenit Heart Dis. 2018;13(4):541–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Kawamatsu N, et al. Direct oral anticoagulant use and outcomes in adult patients with Fontan circulation: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Int J Cardiol. 2021;327:74–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Pujol C, et al. Usefulness of direct oral anticoagulants in adult congenital heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2016;117(3):450–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Yang, H., et al., Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in adults with a Fontan circulation: are they safe. Open Heart, 2019. 6(1): p. e000985.

  74. Kannankeril PJ, et al. Frequency of late recurrence of intra-atrial reentry tachycardia after radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with congenital heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2003;92(7):879–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Triedman JK, et al. Influence of patient factors and ablative technologies on outcomes of radiofrequency ablation of intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia in patients with congenital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39(11):1827–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Yap SC, et al. Outcome of intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia catheter ablation in adults with congenital heart disease: negative impact of age and complex atrial surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56(19):1589–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Moore BM, et al. Ablation of atrial arrhythmias after the atriopulmonary Fontan procedure: mechanisms of arrhythmia and outcomes. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2018;4(10):1338–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Moore JP, et al. Catheter ablation of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia after extracardiac Fontan surgery. Heart Rhythm. 2016;13(9):1891–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Collins KK, et al. Location of acutely successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of intraatrial reentrant tachycardia in patients with congenital heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2000;86(9):969–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Yap SC, et al. Evolving electroanatomic substrate and intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia late after Fontan surgery. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2012;23(4):339–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. de Groot NMS, Bogers A. Development of tachyarrhythmias late after the Fontan procedure: the role of ablative therapy. Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2017;9(2):273–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Correa R, et al. Transbaffle mapping and ablation for atrial tachycardias after mustard, senning, or Fontan operations. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2(5):e000325.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  83. El Yaman MM, et al. Methods to access the surgically excluded cavotricuspid isthmus for complete ablation of typical atrial flutter in patients with congenital heart defects. Heart Rhythm. 2009;6(7):949–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Moore JP, et al. Ten-year outcomes of transcaval cardiac puncture for catheter ablation after extracardiac Fontan surgery. Heart Rhythm. 2020;17(10):1752–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Moore JP, et al. Transcaval puncture for access to the pulmonary venous atrium after the extracardiac total cavopulmonary connection operation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2015;8(4):824–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Kramer CC, et al. Safety and efficacy of atrial antitachycardia pacing in congenital heart disease. Heart Rhythm. 2018;15(4):543–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Tsao S, et al. Device management of arrhythmias after Fontan conversion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009;138(4):937–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Stephenson EA, et al. Efficacy of atrial antitachycardia pacing using the Medtronic AT500 pacemaker in patients with congenital heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2003;92(7):871–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. O’Leary E, et al. Transvenous approach to pacemaker lead implantation for sinus node dysfunction after extracardiac lateral tunnel Fontan conduit placement. HeartRhythm Case Rep. 2016;2(6):495–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  90. Moore JP, Shannon KM. Transpulmonary atrial pacing: an approach to transvenous pacemaker implantation after extracardiac conduit Fontan surgery. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2014;25(9):1028–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Ohye RG, et al. Primary surgical prevention of post-operative atrial re-entry tachycardia. Prog Pediatr Cardiol. 2002;14(3):223–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Kim SJ, et al. Outcome of 200 patients after an extracardiac Fontan procedure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008;136(1):108–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Mavroudis C et al. J. Maxwell Chamberlain Memorial Paper for congenital heart surgery. 111 Fontan conversions with arrhythmia surgery: surgical lessons and outcomes. Ann Thorac Surg, 2007. 84(5): p. 1457–65; discussion 1465–6.

  94. Jais P, HL, Sanders P et al. Determinants of the type of recurrent arrhythmia after ablation of chronic atrial fibrillation. . Heart Rhythm Suppl 2004. 1.

  95. Durongpisitkul K, et al. Predictors of early- and late-onset supraventricular tachyarrhythmias after Fontan operation. Circulation. 1998;98(11):1099–107.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Li D, et al. Arrhythmias after Fontan operation with intra-atrial lateral tunnel versus extra-cardiac conduit: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Cardiol. 2017;38(4):873–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Kogon B. Is the extracardiac conduit the preferred Fontan approach for patients with univentricular hearts? The extracardiac conduit is the preferred Fontan approach for patients with univentricular hearts. Circulation, 2012. 126(21): p. 2511–5; discussion 2515.

  98. Lim HG, Lee JR, Kim YJ. The effects of modification to lateral tunnel Fontan procedure for prophylactic arrhythmia surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2017;104(1):197–204.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Fishberger SB, et al. Factors that influence the development of atrial flutter after the Fontan operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997;113(1):80–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Box 100, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    Megan M. SooHoo MD, Johannes von Alvensleben MD & Roni Jacobsen MD

  2. Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA

    Matthew L. Stone MD PhD

Authors
  1. Megan M. SooHoo MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Matthew L. Stone MD PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Johannes von Alvensleben MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Roni Jacobsen MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Megan M. SooHoo MD.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Cardiology/CT Surgery

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

SooHoo, M.M., Stone, M.L., von Alvensleben, J. et al. Management of Atrial Tachyarrhythmias in Adults With Single Ventricle Heart Disease. Curr Treat Options Peds 7, 187–202 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40746-021-00231-w

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40746-021-00231-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation