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Acute Pancreatitis in Children

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology (SA Saeed and K Sandberg, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an increasingly recognized disorder in the pediatric population. Despite the increasing incidence of AP in children, most management recommendations are based on extrapolated data from adult studies (despite having distinctly different etiologies and clinical courses). The purpose of this paper will be to review the etiology, diagnosis, and complications of AP in children and to discuss current recommendations for the management of pediatric AP, including areas of future research.

Recent Findings

Treatment of pediatric AP is mainly supportive, centered around hydration, pain control, and nutritional support while monitoring for potential complications. Aggressive fluid resuscitation with crystalloid is critical in the treatment of AP, with recent studies supporting the use of lactated ringers over normal saline. Adequate pain control should be achieved with the use of opioid sparing agents, reserving opioids for those not responding to non-opioid analgesia. Early enteral nutrition should be adopted and is associated with improved outcomes.

Summary

Increasing awareness of pediatric acute pancreatitis had led to recent advancements in understanding the epidemiology, risk factors, genetics, and natural history of AP in children. However, future multicenter prospective and randomized controlled studies are needed to better understand and optimize the treatment of pediatric AP.

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  1. Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Kate Templeton MD & Amit S. Grover MD

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Templeton, K., Grover, A.S. Acute Pancreatitis in Children. Curr Treat Options Peds 7, 46–59 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40746-021-00221-y

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