Abstract
The Persian Gulf as one of the regions with a large number of gas and oil reservoirs hosts a considerable number of fixed offshore platforms. Corrosion and fatigue are among the main reasons for damages to these structures. Despite the importance of these structures, little is known about their fatigue reliability in this region. In this paper, we use a scaled-prototype to verify a finite element model used for the reliability assessment of this structure. Historical wave height and period data as well as data from corrosion measurements performed in this region are used to model the fatigue reliability of this platform. Fatigue reliability of this structure is assessed by first-order reliability method results of which are verified by Monte Carlo and importance sampling methods. We studied the effect of corrosion, wave height, and depth of water in the Persian Gulf on the fatigue reliability of this structure. Reliability assessment is carried out in different locations for different ages of the structure.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Data used in this article can be provided upon request from corresponding author.
References
Alami MT, Vafaei Poursorkhabi R, Naseri A, Mojtahedi A (2022) Enhancing stability and reduce damage in rubble-mound reshaping breakwaters by using obstacles in front of the structure. Civil Infrastruct Res 7(2):33–49. https://doi.org/10.22091/CER.2021.7367.1297
Ambühl S, Ferri F, Kofoed JP, Sørensen JD (2015) Fatigue reliability and calibration of fatigue design factors of wave energy converters. Int J Mar Energy 10:17–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijome.2015.01.004
American Petroleum Institute (2000) RP2A-WSD recommended practice for planning, designing, and constructing fixed offshore platforms. American Petroleum Institute, Washington
Asgarian B, Gholami H, Asil Gharebaghi S (2018) A probabilistic model for uniform corrosion in offshore steel structures in Persian Gulf. Mar Eng 13:59–70
Bai Y, Yan HB, Cao Y, Kim Y, Yang Y, Jiang H (2016) Time-dependent reliability assessment of offshore jacket platforms. Ships Offshore Struct 11:591–602. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2015.1038869
Chen Y-H, Wang K-H (2019) Experiments and computations of solitary wave interaction with fixed, partially submerged, vertical cylinders. J Ocean Eng Mar Energy 5:189–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40722-019-00137-8
Cornell CA (1969) A probability-based structural code. ACI J Proc. https://doi.org/10.14359/7446
Dale S (2021) BP statistical review of world energy 2021, 70th ed
Ditlevsen O, Madsen HO (1996) Structural reliability methods. Wiley, New York
DNVGL (2015) Design of offshore steel structures, general-LRFD method: DNVGL-OS-C101. DNV GL AS
DNVGL (2019) Fatigue design of offshore steel structures: DNVGL-RP-C203. DNV GL AS
Dong W, Moan T, Gao Z (2012) Fatigue reliability analysis of the jacket support structure for offshore wind turbine considering the effect of corrosion and inspection. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 106:11–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2012.06.011
Fayazi A, Aghakouchak A (2015) Reliability based assessment of existing fixed offshore platforms located in the Persian Gulf. IJMT 4:37–50
Fredsoe J, Sumer BM (1997) Hydrodynamics around cylindrical structures. World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore
Gustafsson F (1996) Determining the initial states in forward-backward filtering. IEEE Trans Signal Process 44:988–992. https://doi.org/10.1109/78.492552
Hirdaris SE, Bai W, Dessi D, Ergin A, Gu X, Hermundstad OA, Huijsmans R, Iijima K, Nielsen UD, Parunov J, Fonseca N, Papanikolaou A, Argyriadis K, Incecik A (2014) Loads for use in the design of ships and offshore structures. Ocean Eng 78:131–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.09.012
International Energy Agency (2018) Offshore energy outlook world energy outlook series. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Paris
Iwagaki Y, Asano T, Nagai F (1983) Hydrodynamic forces on a circular cylinder placed in wave-current co-existing fields. Mem Fae Eng Kyoto Univ 45(1)
JCSS (2001) JCSS probabilistic model code. Joint Committee on Structural Safety, JCSS-OSTL/ DIA/VROU-10-11-2000
Jordaan I (2005) Decisions under uncertainty: probabilistic analysis for engineering decisions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Kaiser MJ, Yu Y, Jablonowski CJ (2009) Modeling lost production from destroyed platforms in the 2004–2005 Gulf of Mexico hurricane seasons. Energy 34:1156–1171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2009.04.032
Kang B-J, Kim J-H, Kim Y (2016) Engineering criticality analysis on an offshore structure using the first- and second-order reliability method. Int J Nav Archit Ocean Eng 8:577–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2016.05.014
Leimeister M, Kolios A (2018) A review of reliability-based methods for risk analysis and their application in the offshore wind industry. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 91:1065–1076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.004
LeMéhauté B (1969) An introduction to hydrodynamics and water waves. Environmental Science Services Administration, Rockville
Lopez RH, Beck AT (2012) Reliability-based design optimization strategies based on FORM: a review. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 34:506–514
Mahsuli M (2012) Probabilistic models, methods, and software for evaluating risk to civil infrastructure. University of British Columbia, Vancouver. https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0050878
Mahsuli M, Haukaas T (2013) Computer program for multimodel reliability and optimization analysis. J Comput Civ Eng 27:87–98. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000204
Mazaheri P, Asgarian B, Gholami H (2021) Assessment of strengthening, modification, and repair techniques for aging fixed offshore steel platforms. Appl Ocean Res 110:102612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2021.102612
McKenna F, Fenves GL, Scott MH (2006) Open sees: Open system for earthquake engineering simulation. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA. “http://opensees.berkeley.edu
Melchers RE (2005) The effect of corrosion on the structural reliability of steel offshore structures. Corros Sci 47:2391–2410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2005.04.004
Naseri A, Vafaei Poursorkhabi R, Alami MT, Mojtahedi A (2022) Damage parameter variations of breakwater along with a floating wave barrier and a submerged obstacle. Int J Sustain Constr Eng Technol 13(1):202–217. https://doi.org/10.30880/ijscet.2022.13.01.018
Nasrazadani H, Mahsuli M (2020) Probabilistic framework for evaluating community resilience: integration of risk models and agent-based simulation. J Struct Eng 146:4020250. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002810
Neelamani S, Al-Salem K, Rakha K (2007) Extreme waves in the Arabian Gulf. J Coast Res 322–328
Osgouei AD, Poursorkhabi RV, Maleki A, Ahmadi H (2021) Effects of a floating wave barrier with square cross section on the wave-induced forces exerted to an offshore jacket structure. Ocean Syst Eng 11:259–274. https://doi.org/10.12989/ose.2021.11.3.259
Osguei DA, Poursorkhabi RV, Maleki A, Ahmadi H (2021) Effects of floating wave barriers with square cross sections on the wave-induced forces exerted to an offshore jacket structure. J Civil Environ Eng 51(104):1–10. https://doi.org/10.22034/JCEE.2020.9818
Osgouei AD, Vafaei Poursorkhabi R, Hosseini H, Qader DN, Maleki A, Ahmadi H (2022) Effects of floating wave barriers on wave-induced forces exerted to offshore-jacket structure. Struct Eng Mech 83(1):53–66. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2022.83.1.053
Powell C, Michels H (2006) Review of splash zone corrosion and biofouling of C70600 sheathed steel during 20 years exposure. Eurocorr
Saricimen H, Ahmad A, Quddus A, Aksakal A, Ul-Hamid A, Siddique TA (2010) Corrosion of bare and galvanized mild steel in Arabian Gulf environment. J Mater Eng Perform 19:984–994. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-009-9565-9
Sheppard C, Al-Husiani M, Al-Jamali F, Al-Yamani F, Baldwin R, Bishop J, Benzoni F, Dutrieux E, Dulvy NK, Durvasula SRV, Jones DA, Loughland R, Medio D, Nithyanandan M, Pilling GM, Polikarpov I, Price ARG, Purkis S, Riegl B, Saburova M, Namin KS, Taylor O, Wilson S, Zainal K (2010) The Gulf: a young sea in decline. Mar Pollut Bull 60:13–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.10.017
Shittu AA, Kolios A, Mehmanparast A (2021a) A systematic review of structural reliability methods for deformation and fatigue analysis of offshore jacket structures. Metals 11:50
Shittu AA, Mehmanparast A, Hart P, Kolios A (2021b) Comparative study between S-N and fracture mechanics approach on reliability assessment of offshore wind turbine jacket foundations. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 215:107838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2021.107838
Soares M de O, Teixeira CEP, Bezerra LEA, Paiva SV, Tavares TC, Garcia TM, de Araújo JT, Campos CC, Ferreira SM, Matthews-Cascon H, Frota A (2020) Oil spill in South Atlantic (Brazil): Environmental and governmental disaster. Mar Policy 115:103879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103879
Sovacool BK (2008) The costs of failure: a preliminary assessment of major energy accidents, 1907–2007. Energy Policy 36:1802–1820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.01.040
Taheri A, Jahangir M (2017) Reliability assessment of a fixed jacket platform by Monte Carlo simulation using neural network TT. IJCOE 1:57–64
Poursorkhabi RV, Naseri A, Alami MT, Mojtahedi A (2022) Experimental study of an innovative method to reduce the damage of reshaping rubble mound breakwaters. Innovative Infrastruct Solutions 7(6):353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-022-00954-1
Poursorkhabi RV, Ejlali RG, Naseri A, Hosseinchi Gharehaghaji A (2023) Experimental study on assessing interaction of quay walls and random waves using artificial neural network. Int J Coast Offshore Environ Eng. https://doi.org/10.22034/IJCOE.2022.155142
Zhang Y, Der Kiureghian A (1995) Two improved algorithms for reliability analysis BT—reliability and optimization of structural systems. In: Rackwitz R, Augusti G, Borri A (eds) Proceedings of the sixth IFIP WG7.5 working conference on reliability and optimization of structural systems 1994. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 297–304
Zhang Y, Lam JSL (2015) Reliability analysis of offshore structures within a time varying environment. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 29:1615–1636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-015-1084-7
Funding
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
KB carried out the reliability assessments and calibrated the finite element model. KB wrote the main manuscript except for the section "experimental measurements". RVP carried out the experiments and wrote the section "experimental measurements". All Authors reviewed the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethics approval
Not applicable.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Beheshtifar, K., Poursorkhabi, R.V. Experimentally calibrated finite element fatigue reliability assessment of an offshore platform in the Persian Gulf. J. Ocean Eng. Mar. Energy 10, 263–273 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40722-023-00311-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40722-023-00311-z