Abstract
Hexagonal arrays of circular cylinders (HACCs) can be preferred over mono-piles in the design of marine and hydraulic structures due to certain reasons, e.g. efficiency in scour reduction, decreased stagnation and drag, easier applicability, cost-efficiency. In this study, the influence of the HACC on the flow domain was experimentally investigated and compared to that of a solid cylinder using flume experiments. The primary objective of the experiments was to understand the role of orientation and density of array on bleed flow characteristics, which can be regarded as the major origin of the coherent flow structures generated around the HACC. Mean and turbulent flow quantities were mapped behind the obstacles in each experimental test, collecting high-frequency velocity measurements over a spatially dense grid. A key outcome of the study is the identification of the solid volume fraction (SVF) above which the array behaves like a solid cylinder. Furthermore, the results show that the angle of attack, or HACC orientation, influences only the flow structure for intermediate SVFs. Above and below this intermediate range, the flow structure is insensitive to HACC orientation. It was also witnessed that while the highest resistance to flow was generated by staggered configuration, the highest lateral velocity gradient values occurred in the angled cases.
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Acknowledgements
The data presented here emanated from the master thesis by the second author Özge Karabay. The authors thank to Assist. Prof. Vasileios Kitsikoudis from University of Twente, Assoc. Prof. V.S. Özgür Kirca from Istanbul Technical University for their fruitful discussions. Also, they are grateful to Işılsu Yıldırım for her aid in training of second author in the laboratory. This study was written during the sabbatical stay of the first author, Oral Yagci, at the Baker Environmental Hydraulics Laboratory at Virginia Tech. His sabbatical stay was funded by “The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)” under the program of 2219 (Ref. No. 53325897-115.02-39691).
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Yagci, O., Karabay, Ö. & Strom, K. Bleed flow structure in the wake region of finite array of cylinders acting as an alternative supporting structure for foundation. J. Ocean Eng. Mar. Energy 7, 379–403 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40722-021-00208-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40722-021-00208-9