Abstract
The study examined the spatiotemporal variability of land use/land cover changes (LULC), land surface temperature (LST), and heat island (HI) in northwestern Bangladesh. Landsat images were used for evaluating LULC, LST, and HI for the years 1990, 2002, 2014, and 2018. Unsupervised and index-based classification approaches were used for mapping LULC. The mono-window algorithm was employed to identify the spatiotemporal variability of LST and HI. The analysis suggested that water bodies, forests, and bare land dwindled during these 28 years with an average of about 40%, 70%, and 45%, respectively. Agricultural land had been expanded from 1990 to 2002 and gradually stabilized in recent decades. Settlement areas increased alarmingly from 1990 to 2018. The water bodies, forests and bare lands were reduced due to the widening of agricultural land and rapid growth of urban area. The extents of the HI were found to be spreading out and became most extensive in 2018. LST had risen by around 5.5 °C from 1990 to 2018. The lower temperature zones prevailed in the water bodies, forests and agricultural lands whereas higher temperature zones were visible in the river sand bars and highly urbanized areas. The method used in this study is very successful in sparse built-up areas. The outputs of the study will be a great input in the city masterplan for landscape optimization and urban ecological balance in the study area and provide baseline information for future researches looking for inspecting the impacts of LULC change on a regional scale in plainland regions.
Highlights
• Spatiotemporal dynamics of LULC were evaluated in the northwest region of Bangladesh
• Heat islands were delineated successfully indicating the rapid growth of urbanization
• Enlargement of the urban area is the main cause for the increasing LST phenomenon
• The rate of HI expansion validated by the changing thematic areas of LULC
• Trends of urbanization and HI growth are alarming within the district town areas.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Department of Geology, University of Dhaka for providing laboratory facilities to conduct remote sensing and GIS analysis. Immense gratitude goes to University Grant Commission of Bangladesh for financial assistance.
Funding
The research was supported by the University Grant Commission of Bangladesh. Dr. Bodruddoza Mia received this fund.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Tanzida Akter, Md. Yousuf Gazi and Md. Bodruddoza Mia. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Md. Yousuf Gazi and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Akter, T., Gazi, M.Y. & Mia, M.B. Assessment of Land Cover Dynamics, Land Surface Temperature, and Heat Island Growth in Northwestern Bangladesh Using Satellite Imagery. Environ. Process. 8, 661–690 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-020-00491-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-020-00491-y