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Scalable Production of High Performance Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells via Film-Growth-Megasonic-Spray-Coating System

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Abstract

Commercialization of flexible perovskite solar cells requires an effective scalable coating system that overcomes the inadequate wettability of conventional polymer-based flexible substrates. In this study, we have come up with a Film-Growth-Megasonic-Spray-Coating (FGMSC) method that continuously grows uniform perovskite film on large-area flexible substrates by using fine perovskite precursor droplets (< 10 μm). The film growth mechanisms of a perovskite layer (e.g. film coverage, roughness, and crystal grain size) according to the precursor droplet supply rate and the multiple spray was thoroughly investigated for manufacturing flexible perovskite solar mini-module. In complete automation that utilizes the two-dimensional transportation system, the FGMSC system has successfully fabricated a defect-free uniform perovskite layer on large-area flexible substrates with high reproducibility and flexibility by controlling perovskite film growth. The scalability of this system is proved through fabrication of a flexible perovskite solar mini-module with PCE of 16.10% from an active area of 35.1 cm2, which is the highest efficiency made by continuous spray coating systems. The encapsulated flexible mini-module retained 97% of its initial efficiency after 200 h under continuous 1-sun illumination. The results have suggested that f-PSCs can be effectively commercialized by using our FGMSC system.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by the Global Frontier R&D Program of the Center for Multiscale Energy Systems funded by the National Research Foundation under the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Korea (2012M3A6A7054855). This work was also supported by the Technology Innovation Program (20016588, Development of perovskite BIPV module by eco-friendly process) funded By the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy(MOTIE, Korea)

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  1. Mincheol Park and Seung Chan Hong have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea

    Mincheol Park, Seung Chan Hong, Yeoun-Woo Jang, Junseop Byeon, Minsung Han, Unsoo Kim & Mansoo Choi

  2. Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Mincheol Park, Seung Chan Hong, Yeoun-Woo Jang, Junseop Byeon, Minsung Han, Unsoo Kim, Kiwan Jeong & Mansoo Choi

  3. Frontier Energy Solution, Ulsan, Republic of Korea

    Mincheol Park, Jihun Jang, Unsoo Kim & Mansoo Choi

  4. Department of Sustainable Environment Research, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea

    Gunhee Lee

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Park, M., Hong, S.C., Jang, YW. et al. Scalable Production of High Performance Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells via Film-Growth-Megasonic-Spray-Coating System. Int. J. of Precis. Eng. and Manuf.-Green Tech. 10, 1223–1234 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-022-00485-1

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