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Structural Competency of Pre-health Students: Can a Single Course Lead to Meaningful Change?

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Abstract

Scholars within the medical sciences recently have called on undergraduate educators to incorporate the social sciences in order to teach pre-health students structural competencies – or the ability to articulate how social structures produce racial, ethnic, gender, class, and other disparities – in order to better serve these populations medically. Authors used a semester-long course to assess how experiential learning focused on the topic of structural inequities improves structural competency. In Fall 2018, 27 students completed a hands-on, experiential, course focused on structural factors and health disparities. The authors conducted a mixed-methods, pre-/post-test design to solicit data on students’ views on the reasons for high rates of obesity, gender pay disparities, and racial/ethnic housing segregation. Using systematic qualitative data analysis and statistical analysis of coded answers, the authors were able to detect pre-/post-test differences in the number of times students identified structural reasons for the disparities. Statistical analysis showed that students were able to identify an average of 4.63 structural reasons at pre-test, and that increased to 5.93 reasons at post-test (statically significant (p = 0.007)), indicating an increase in structural awareness after participation in the course. Qualitative analysis, using systematic methods of coding and a modified constant comparison method, demonstrated that students’ ability to articulate structural reasons for inequality greatly improved. This experiential learning course, while relatively short, was found to increase students’ ability to identify structural factors and articulate them with deeper understandings. Future curriculum development should consider incorporating experiential learning to promote structural competency, rather than a more traditional passive, content-delivery method of training.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, PO Box 872402, Tempe, AZ, 85287-2402, USA

    Alissa Ruth, Cindi SturtzSreetharan, Alexandra Brewis & Amber Wutich

Authors
  1. Alissa Ruth
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  2. Cindi SturtzSreetharan
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  3. Alexandra Brewis
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  4. Amber Wutich
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Correspondence to Alissa Ruth.

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On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

This study was approved by the Arizona State University’s Institutional Review Board in Fall 2018 (STUDY00008248). All research activities were performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from each participant included in this study.

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Ruth, A., SturtzSreetharan, C., Brewis, A. et al. Structural Competency of Pre-health Students: Can a Single Course Lead to Meaningful Change?. Med.Sci.Educ. 30, 331–337 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-019-00909-9

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