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Risikokommunikation

Medizinische Risiken verstehen und verständlich machen

Risk communication

Making medical risk transparent and understandable

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Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Vom Facharzt für Arbeitsmedizin werden Kenntnisse, Erfahrungen und Fertigkeiten in der Prävention und Früherkennung arbeitsbezogener und -bedingter Gesundheitsstörungen und Berufskrankheiten einschließlich epidemiologischer Grundlagen gefordert. Da gerade die Arbeitsmedizin ihren Fokus auf Prävention und Früherkennung – und damit auf vorerst als gesund angenommene Menschen – legt, kommt ihren Medizinern eine besondere Verantwortung beim Verständnis von Gesundheitsstatistik zu. Jede medizinische Statistik sollte so dargestellt werden, dass sie für Ärzte und Patienten transparent und leicht verständlich ist. Die Mehrzahl der Ärzte lässt sich jedoch aus Unkenntnis von der Gesundheitsstatistik ihrer eigenen Disziplin in die Irre führen. Damit sind Mediziner nicht selten außerstande, ihren Patienten die nötigen Fakten im Hinblick auf Prävention und Früherkennung transparent zu erklären. Intransparente Statistiken in medizinischen Fachzeitschriften, irreführende Informationen in Broschüren für Ärzte und unzureichende Schulung in medizinischer Risikokommunikation an medizinischen Fakultäten sind maßgebliche Gründe für diese mangelnde Statistikkompetenz. Es werden einfache Techniken aufgezeigt, die jeden Arzt in die Lage versetzen sollten, medizinische Statistiken kritisch zu bewerten und ihren Patienten transparent zu erklären.

Abstract

Specialists in occupational medicine require knowledge, experience and skills in many areas, including epidemiological knowledge on the prevention and early detection of work-related disorders and diseases. Since occupational medicine is focused on prevention and early detection − and, as such, on presumably healthy individuals − the correct understanding and communication of health statistics is a particularly important responsibility for occupational physicians. Every health statistic should be presented in such a way that it is transparent and easily comprehensible for physicians and patients. However, due to a lack of understanding of health statistics, the majority of physicians are easily misled by health statistics within their own discipline. As a consequence, physicians are often unable to explain important facts about prevention and early detection to their patients in a transparent way. Nontransparent statistics reported in medical journals, misleading information in health brochures and inadequate schooling in medical risk communication in medical schools are the main reasons for statistical illiteracy among physicians. This article presents simple techniques which should enable physicians to critically evaluate health statistics and explain these clearly to their patients.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. O. Wegwarth und R. Prinz geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Correspondence to O. Wegwarth.

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Wegwarth, O., Prinz, R. Risikokommunikation. Zbl Arbeitsmed 64, 320–324 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40664-014-0053-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40664-014-0053-1

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