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Salinity stress reveals three types of RNA editing sites in mitochondrial Nad7 gene of wild barley both in silico and in qRT-PCR experiments

Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology volume 34, pages 13–22 (2022)Cite this article

Abstract

Cellular respiration is an important process performed by mitochondria. Nad complex is the major complex involved in this process and one of the main subunits in this complex is the nad7 (nad dehydrogenase subunit 7). In Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum, four nad7 cDNAs are described at 500 mM salinity, 0 h, or control (GenBank accession no. MW433884), after 2 h (GenBank accession no. MW433885), after 12 h (GenBank accession no. MW433886) and after 24 h (GenBank accession no. MW433887). Twenty six RNA editing sites were revealed in positions: C44, C45, C77, C83, C99, C137, C224, C244, C251, C383, C445, U488, C491, U525, C578, C679, C698, C724, C734, C739, C836, C926, C1088, C1103, C1119, and C1124. These alterations represent three types of editing: C to U, U to C and the very rare type U to G with a differential rate depending on exposure times. Two and twelve hours are shown as the maximum editing rate. However, RNA editing disturbance over 24 h was observed, possibly due to the activation of the machinery for programmed cell death. In addition, RNA editing has been found to optimize codon bias by altering the nucleotides without modifying the amino acids. Small kernel 1 pentatricopeptide repeat protein (Smk1) characterization in wild barley has assisted to explaining the behavior of C836 editing under salt stress. The behavior of nad7 editing under stress may lead to a discrepancy between the editing of RNA and the control of cellular respiration.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) and the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, for technical and financial support.

Funding

This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, under grant no S-86-130-1440.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), PO Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmed M. Ramadan

  2. Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt

    Ahmed M. Ramadan

  3. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt

    Osama A. M. Said

  4. Biotechnology School, Nile University, Giza, Egypt

    Asmaa M. Abushady

  5. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

    Asmaa M. Abushady

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  1. Ahmed M. Ramadan
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Research ideas and experimental design were achieved by (AMR). Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by (OAMS). The first draft of the manuscript was written by (AMA) and all the authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ahmed M. Ramadan.

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Ramadan, A.M., Said, O.A.M. & Abushady, A.M. Salinity stress reveals three types of RNA editing sites in mitochondrial Nad7 gene of wild barley both in silico and in qRT-PCR experiments. Theor. Exp. Plant Physiol. 34, 13–22 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40626-021-00225-x

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