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Vigour-yield-quality relationships in long-term deficit irrigated winegrapes grown under semiarid conditions

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Abstract

Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and partial root-zone drying irrigation (PRD) are two of the most-promising agronomic practices designed to increase water use efficiency (WUE) and berry and wine quality in field-grown wine grapes in Mediterranean semiarid regions. However, many growers have not yet taken advantage of the new irrigation techniques now available, which would enable them to efficiently manage irrigation in wine grapes with the aims of improving quality and making this crop more competitive and profitable. This study focused on finding significant relationships between several WUE indicators (from the leaf to the plant level) and relevant vine vigour, yield and berry quality traits in order to improve deficit irrigation management in wine grapes under semiarid conditions. Sustained deficit irrigation (SDI), RDI and PRD techniques were compared for 7 years (2006–2012), in field-grown Monastrell grapevines grafted onto 1103P in SE Spain. Five treatments were applied: SDI irrigated at 60–40 % ETc (crop evapotranspiration) for the whole season (308–211 mm year−1); a moderate RDI strategy (110–191 mm year−1) under conventional drip irrigation (RDI-1) and under PRD (PRD-1); and a more-severe RDI strategy (90–144 mm year−1) under conventional drip irrigation (RDI-2) and under PRD (PRD-2). The SDI enhanced root system development and vine vigour, improved technological berry quality but lowered WUE and berry polyphenolic content, compared to deficit irrigation (DI). In contrast, PRD and RDI resulted in lower root growth, vine vigour and leaf-plant canopy water use, but improved cluster microclimate and increased WUE and berry polyphenolic content. Among the DI treatments, the PRD-1 strategy was the one which most improved the long-term vine performance. The most-restrictive DI strategies (PRD-2 and RDI-2) did not give a substantial improvement in WUEyield (kg m−3) or berry quality. Significant interactive effects of irrigation volume (high vs. low) and irrigation placement (PRD vs. RDI) indicate distinct PRD effects on long-term yield, WUE and berry quality, depending on the volume of water applied in the wet root zone and the soil total water availability. Significant vigour-quality relationships were established. We identified a range of optimum physiological and agronomical thresholds in order to develop long-term, efficient deficit irrigation strategies in Monastrell vineyards under semiarid conditions.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financed by the Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Subprograma Nacional de Recursos y Tecnologías Agrarias, through the Projects RTA2005-00103-00-00 and RTA2008-00037-C04-04, with the collaboration of the European Social Fund. Pascual Romero gratefully acknowledges a doctoral contract in the INIA-CCAA system, supplied by INIA and co-financed by the European Social Fund from 2005 to 2010. We thank Santiago López Miranda for support with leaf area measurements in 2009. We also thank Atanasio Molina Molina, Aniceto Turpín Bermejo, Jose Antonio Candel Quijada, Antonio Heras Moreno, David López Romero, Antonio Lucas Bermudez and Cristobal Marín, for their work in vineyard management, Juan Jose Sánchez Ruiz, Jose María Rodriguez de Vera-Beltrí and Francisco Martínez López, for field assistance and support in laboratory analyses, and David J. Walker, for assistance with manuscript preparation and the correction of the written English.

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  1. Grupo de Riego y Fisiología del Estrés, Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150, Murcia, Spain

    Pascual Romero & Pablo Botía

  2. Departamento de Viticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150, Murcia, Spain

    Jose Ignacio Fernández-Fernández & Rocío Gil-Muñoz

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  1. Pascual Romero
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Romero, P., Fernández-Fernández, J.I., Gil-Muñoz, R. et al. Vigour-yield-quality relationships in long-term deficit irrigated winegrapes grown under semiarid conditions. Theor. Exp. Plant Physiol. 28, 23–51 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40626-016-0061-y

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