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Epigenetics: a potential key mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of cardiorenal syndromes

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Abstract

Epigenetics is defined as the heritable changes in gene expression patterns which are not directly encoded by modifications in the nucleotide DNA sequence of the genome, including higher order chromatin organization, DNA methylation, cytosine modifications, covalent histone tail modifications, and short non-coding RNA molecules. Recently, much attention has been paid to the role and the function of epigenetics and epimutations in the cellular and subcellular pathways and in the regulation of genes in the setting of both kidney and cardiovascular disease. Indeed, deregulation of histone alterations has been highlighted in a large spectrum of renal and cardiac disease, including chronic and acute renal injury, renal and cardiac fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy and failure, kidney congenital anomalies, renal hypoxia, and diabetic renal complications. Nevertheless, the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndromes is currently underexplored. Given the significant clinical relevance of heart-kidney crosstalk, efforts in the research for new action mechanisms concurrently operating in both pathologies are thus of maximum interest. This review focuses on epigenetic mechanisms involved in heart and kidney disease, and their possible role in the setting of cardiorenal syndromes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi, 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy

    Grazia Maria Virzì, Alessandra Brocca, Massimo de Cal & Claudio Ronco

  2. IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy

    Grazia Maria Virzì, Anna Clementi, Alessandra Brocca, Massimo de Cal & Claudio Ronco

  3. Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Agrigento, Italy

    Anna Clementi

  4. Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova Medical School, Padua, Italy

    Alessandra Brocca

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  1. Grazia Maria Virzì
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  2. Anna Clementi
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  3. Alessandra Brocca
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Correspondence to Grazia Maria Virzì.

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Virzì, G.M., Clementi, A., Brocca, A. et al. Epigenetics: a potential key mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of cardiorenal syndromes. J Nephrol 31, 333–341 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-017-0425-7

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