Sommario
La Sindrome di Down ha un’incidenza di 1/400–1500 nati vivi ed è la causa più frequente di disabilità intellettiva di origine genetica. È caratterizzata da un insieme di manifestazioni fenotipiche variabili riscontrabili sin dalla nascita, legate alla presenza, parziale o completa, di un cromosoma 21 sovrannumerario. Oltre alle caratteristiche fisiche che la contraddistinguono, la Sindrome di Down può presentare complicanze a livello sistemico. Le complicanze endocrine più frequenti della sindrome di Down sono a carico della tiroide, dell’osso, del sistema metabolico, delle gonadi e del pancreas.
Bibliografia
Kazemi M, Salehi M, Kheirollahi M (2016) Down Syndrome: current status, challenges and future perspectives. Int J Mol Cell Med 5(3):125–133
Mundakel GT, Lal P (2017) Down Syndrome. Medscape http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/943216-overview. Accessed 24 aprile 2017
Pierce MJ, LaFranchi SH, Pinter JD (2017) Characterization of thyroid abnormalities in a large cohort of children with Down Syndrome. Horm Res Paediatr 87(3):170–178
Aversa T, Salerno M, Radetti G et al. (2015) Peculiarities of presentation and evolution over time of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in children and adolescents with Down’s syndrome. Hormones 14(3):410–416
Aversa T, Valenzise M, Salerno M et al. (2015) Metamorphic thyroid autoimmunity in Down Syndrome: from Hashimoto’s thyroiditis to Graves’ disease and beyond. Ital J Pediatr 41(1):87
Bull MJ (2011) Health supervision for children with Down Syndrome the Committee on Genetics. Pediatrics 128(2):393–406
Gibson PA (2005) Longitudinal study of thyroid function in Down’s syndrome in the first two decades. Arch Dis Child 90(6):574–578
Goday-Arno A, Cerda-Esteva M, Flores-Le-Roux JA et al. (2009) Hyperthyroidism in a population with Down Syndrome (DS). Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 71(1):110–114
Rivkees SA (2016) Controversies in the management of Graves’ disease in children. J Endocrinol Invest 39(11):1247–1257
Kowalczyk K, Pukajło K, Malczewska A et al. (2013) L-thyroxine therapy and growth processes in children with Down syndrome. Adv Clin Exp Med Off Organ Wroclaw Med Univ 22(1):85–92
Zemel BS, Pipan M, Stallings VA et al. (2015) Growth charts for children with Down Syndrome in the United States. Pediatrics 136(5):e1204–1211
Myrelid Bergman S, Elfvik Strömberg M, Jonsson B et al. (2010) Late effects of early growth hormone treatment in Down Syndrome. Acta Paediatr 99(5):763–769
Adelekan T, Magge S, Shults J et al. (2012) Lipid profiles of children with Down Syndrome compared with their siblings. Pediatrics 129(6):e1382–1387
Hawli Y, Nasrallah M, Fuleihan GE-H (2009) Endocrine and musculoskeletal abnormalities in patients with Down Syndrome. Nat Rev Endocrinol 5(6):327–334
Rohrer TR, Hennes P, Thon A et al. on behalf of the DPV Initiative (2010) Down’s Syndrome in diabetic patients aged <20 years: an analysis of metabolic status, glycaemic control and autoimmunity in comparison with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 53(6), 1070–1075
Gillespie KM, Dix RJ, Williams AJ et al. (2006) Islet autoimmunity in children with Down’s Syndrome. Diabetes 55(11):3185–3188
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflitto di interesse
Gli autori Anastasia Ibba e Sandro Loche dichiarano di non avere conflitti di interesse.
Consenso informato
Lo studio presentato in questo articolo non ha richiesto sperimentazione umana.
Studi su animali
Gli autori di questo articolo non hanno eseguito studi sugli animali.
Additional information
Proposto da Annamaria Colao, Andrea Lenzi e Francesco Trimarchi.
Materiale elettronico supplementare
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ibba, A., Loche, S. Sindrome di Down ed endocrinopatie. L'Endocrinologo 19, 26–30 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40619-018-0385-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40619-018-0385-8