Sommario
La variabilità interindividuale del timing della pubertà è ampia e risulta influenzata da fattori genetici e ambientali quali nutrizione, eventi stressanti e contaminanti. Tra la metà dell’Ottocento e la metà del Novecento si è osservato nei Paesi industrializzati un trend secolare di anticipo puberale, che pare essersi arrestato negli ultimi decenni, mentre risulta ancora in atto nei Paesi poveri. Alcune evidenze sarebbero a favore di un progressivo anticipo del telarca a fronte di una stabilità del menarca.
Bibliografia
Karlberg J (2002) Secular trends in pubertal development. Horm Res 57(Suppl 2):19–30
Parent AS, Teilmann G, Juul A et al. (2003) The timing of normal puberty and the age limits of sexual precocity: variations around the world, secular trends, and changes after migration. Endocr Rev 24(5):668–693
Biro FM, Greenspan LC, Galvez MP (2012) Puberty in girls of the 21st century. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 25(5):289–294
Herman-Giddens ME, Slora EJ, Wasserman RC et al. (1997) Secondary sexual characteristics and menses in young girls seen in office practice: a study from the Pediatric Research in Office Settings network. Pediatrics 99:505–512
Kaprio J, Rimpela A, Winter T et al. (1995) Common genetic influences on BMI and age at menarche. Hum Biol 67:739–753
Kaplowitz PB (2008) Link between body fat and the timing of puberty. Pediatrics 121(Suppl 3):S208–217
Anderson SE, Dallal GE, Must A (2003) Relative weight and race influence average age at menarche: results from two nationally representative surveys of US girls studied 25 years apart. Pediatrics 111:844–850
Matkovich V, Ilich JZ, Skugar M et al. (1997) Leptin is inversely related to age at menarche in human females. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82(10):3239–3245
Cheng GI, Buyken AE, Shi L et al. (2012) Beyond overweight: nutrition as an important lifestyle factor influencing timing of puberty. Nutr Rev 70(3):133–152
Berkey CS, Gardner JD, Frazier AL, Colditz GA (2000) Relation of childhood diet and body size to menarche and adolescent growth in girls. Am J Epidemiol 152:446–452
Günther AL, Karaolis-Danckert N, Kroke A, Remer T, Buyken AE (2010) Dietary protein intake throughout childhood is associated with the timing of puberty. J Nutr 140(3):565–571
Cheng G, Remer T, Prinz-Langenohl R et al. (2010) Relation of isoflavones and fiber intake in childhood to the timing of puberty. Am J Clin Nutr 92:556–564
Cheng G, Gerlach S, Libuda L et al. (2010) Diet quality in childhood is prospectively associated with the timing of puberty but not with body composition at puberty onset. J Nutr 140:95–102
National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1997) NHANES III Reference manuals and reports (CD-ROM). Analytic and reporting guidelines: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994), Hyattsville, MD
Tucci M, Tridenti G, Buzzi C et al. (2013) I primi cicli mestruali nelle adolescenti italiane. Dati dell’indagine Società Italiana di Medicina dell’Adolescenza—Società Italiana di Ginecologia dell’Infanzia e Adolescenza—Laboratorio Adolescenza. RIMA 3(11):73–78
Thomas F, Renaud F, Benefice E, de Meeüs T, Guegan JF (2001) International variability of ages at menarche and menopause: patterns and maindeterminants. Hum Biol 73(2):271–290
Conflitto di interesse
Gli autori Sara Ciccone e Marco Cappa dichiarano di non avere conflitti di interessi.
Consenso informato
Lo studio presentato in questo articolo non ha richiesto sperimentazione umana.
Studi sugli animali
Gli autori di questo articolo non hanno eseguito studi sugli animali.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Proposta da Paolo Moghetti.
Materiale elettronico supplementare
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ciccone, S., Cappa, M. Timing della pubertà: variabilità e secular trend . L'Endocrinologo 15, 151–157 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40619-014-0051-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40619-014-0051-8