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The effect of chronic high-intensity interval training programs on glycaemic control, aerobic resistance, and body composition in type 2 diabetic patients: a meta-analysis

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Abstract

Background

Type 2 diabetes is an increasing health problem worldwide. HIIT has been proposed as an exercise alternative to be part of integral type 2 diabetes treatment.

Objective

The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of different types of chronic HIIT on glycaemic control, aerobic resistance, and body composition in individuals above 18 years with T2D.

Design

This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement and was registered with PROSPERO on November 21st, 2021.

Data sources

A systematic literature search of the following databases: EbscoHost (Academic Search Ultimate, Fuente Académica Plus, MEDline and SportDiscus), Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE between April of 2021 and April of 2023 was conducted.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Eligibility criteria included (1) participants aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, (2) an HIIT protocol with detailed description, (3) control group and/or continuous aerobic training comparison group, (4) report of pre-test and post-test values for at least one of the studied variables (from glycaemic control, aerobic resistance, and/or body composition), and (5) experimental or quasi-experimental intervention design.

Analyses

Meta-analysis was made by a pre–post-test between-group analysis following the inverse variance heterogeneity model for each variable, and then, a subgroup analysis by type of HIIT was conducted.

Results

Of the 2817 records obtained, 180 records were included for meta-analysis. Significant improvements were found in the most part of the variables when HIIT was compared to control group, while fat-free mass kept without changes. HIIT vs. continuous aerobic training results showed and advantage in favor of HIIT for fasting blood glycemia. Subgroup analysis refers a possible advantage of SI-HIIT and SIT-HIIT in the improvement of fasting glycemia and SIT-HIIT advantage in HOMA 1-IR decrease.

Conclusions

HIIT improves glycaemic control, aerobic resistance, and % fat and waist circumference, and kept fat-free mass unchanged in individuals with T2D. SI-HIIT and SIT-HIIT could be better than the other types of HIIT. HIIT benefit is similar to continuous aerobic training except for fasting blood glycemia.

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Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article (and in the electronic supplementary material).

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Funding

No extra funding was used to this project. It was part of a master’s program.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica

    M. C. Arrieta-Leandro, J. Moncada-Jiménez, M. G. Morales-Scholz & J. Hernández-Elizondo

  2. Human Movement Sciences Research Center (CIMOHU), University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica

    J. Moncada-Jiménez, M. G. Morales-Scholz & J. Hernández-Elizondo

Authors
  1. M. C. Arrieta-Leandro
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  2. J. Moncada-Jiménez
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  3. M. G. Morales-Scholz
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  4. J. Hernández-Elizondo
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Contributions

MCAL participated in the meta-analysis design, wrote and edited significant sections of the manuscript, ran the literature search, screened all identified studies based in title and abstract, made the full-text screening, and assisted in the risk of bias assessment, data extraction, and meta-analyses process. JMJ contributed to statistical design and meta-analysis model, quality assessment scale, and article screening in foreign languages, and wrote significant sections of the manuscript. MGMS contributed to theoretical background of the study, meta-analysis design proposal, and interpretation of the results with physiological explanation of the outcomes obtained. JHE participated in meta-analysis design and data extraction, and also contributed to decision making when information was not clear, and she supervised the entire process. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to M. C. Arrieta-Leandro.

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Arrieta-Leandro, M.C., Moncada-Jiménez, J., Morales-Scholz, M.G. et al. The effect of chronic high-intensity interval training programs on glycaemic control, aerobic resistance, and body composition in type 2 diabetic patients: a meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest 46, 2423–2443 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-023-02144-x

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