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Down regulation of the inverse relationship between parathyroid hormone and irisin in male vitamin D-sufficient HIV patients

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Abstract

Purpose

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) predisposes to endocrine disorders, manifesting as a metabolic phenotype that affects the entire adipose-musculoskeletal unit (AMS). The present cross-sectional study aimed to investigate differences in irisin and adiponectin concentrations between people living with HIV and healthy controls, as well as to explore potential correlations between the levels of the aforementioned adipokines and markers of calcium homeostasis.

Methods

46 HIV-infected individuals and 39 healthy controls (all men) were included in the study. Anthropometric data, adipokine levels, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [(25(OH)D)] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were evaluated in the two groups. Correlations for the relationship between adiponectin, irisin, and PTH levels were examined. The results were adjusted for several confounders, including 25(OH)D levels, anthropometry, physical activity, bone mineral density, testosterone levels, and exposure to ultraviolet B radiation.

Results

Mean adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower in the HIV group compared to the control group: 5868 ± 3668 vs 9068 ± 4277 ng/mL, p = 0.011. The same was applicable to irisin concentrations: 8.31 ± 8.17 (HIV) vs 29.27 ± 27.23 (controls) ng/mL, p = 0.013. A statistically significant and negative correlation was observed between irisin and PTH in the control group (r =  – 0.591; p = 0.033). In contrast, no significant correlation was observed between PTH and irisin in the HIV group (p = 0.898).

Conclusion

Our results are the first to suggest a possible down regulation of the inverse relationship between PTH and irisin in HIV patients and to highlight that AMS dyshomeostasis could be involved in the development of skeletal and adipose HIV-related morbidities.

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Data availability statement

The data presented in the study are available on reasonable request from the corresponding author.

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Funding

No funding was received for conducting this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 1st. Kiriakidi Street, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece

    S. N. Karras, T. Koufakis, E. Zisimopoulou, P. Mourampetzis, E. Manthou, P. Zebekakis & K. Kotsa

  2. BIOSTATS, Epirus Science and Technology Park Campus of the University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece

    G. Dimakopoulos

  3. Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

    P. Karalazou, K. Thisiadou & K. Makedou

  4. Infectious Diseases Division, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

    O. Tsachouridou, P. Zebekakis & S. Metallidis

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  1. S. N. Karras
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  2. T. Koufakis
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Contributions

SNK conceptualized and designed the study. SNK, EZ, PM, EM, PK, KT, KM collected all data. GD performed the statistical analysis. SNK, TK, GD and KK analyzed and interpreted the results. OT, PZ, and SM contributed to the clinical management of the patients involved. SNK, TK, and GD performed the literature review and drafted the first version of the manuscript. All authors have read and critically reviewed the manuscript and approved the final version.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. Kotsa.

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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

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Institutional Review Board Statement: The study was carried out according to the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the AHEPA University Hospital (approval number 25224/2019).

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Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

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Karras, S.N., Koufakis, T., Dimakopoulos, G. et al. Down regulation of the inverse relationship between parathyroid hormone and irisin in male vitamin D-sufficient HIV patients. J Endocrinol Invest 46, 2563–2571 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-023-02112-5

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