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Monthly fluctuations in 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels in day and rotating night shift hospital workers

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Abstract

Purpose

Epidemiological studies have suggested that indoor hospital employees, either day or night shift workers, are at high risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly, previous reports have also described a higher prevalence of vitamin D (25OHD) deficiency among these workers. However, few studies have determined the monthly variations in 25OHD levels in indoor hospital employees.

Methods

To address this lack of knowledge, in 2018, during the periodic health surveillance checks at the Service of Occupational Medicine, we measured 25OHD levels in a group of indoor hospital workers (88 rotating night shift workers vs 200 day workers). Each participant received a single annual health surveillance check.

Results

The mean levels of 25OHD were consistently below the lower limit of the normal range in both groups throughout the year. Only in the summer, day workers but not rotating night shift workers (mean 25.9 ± 11.3 ng/ml vs 23.1 ± 9.1 ng/ml; p = 0.042) showed levels significantly higher than those in the other seasons. This difference remained statistically significant even after correction for study covariates [β = −  1.649 (CI − 0.283/− 3.482), p = 0.039]. A cosinor analysis confirmed that the difference in the 25OHD levels between groups was present later in the year.

Conclusions

We found that relatively young healthy hospital workers, especially those with rotating night shifts, in the absence of significant metabolic risk factors, have a high risk of 25OHD deficiency/insufficiency. Because 25OHD deficiency may lead to a progression to more severe conditions such as osteoporosis or bone fractures, our results should be verified in larger cohorts including different ancestries.

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Funding

This work was funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration, under grant agreement no 278397 (EuRhythDia; Targeting chronotherapeutic lifestyle intervention for diabetes and obesity to reset the circadian rhythm and improve cardiometabolic risk in the European working population) and the Ministry of University (MIUR) Progetti di Ricerca di Interesse Nazionale (PRIN) [protocol number 2015 MPESJS_004 and 2017FM74HK].

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy

    S. Rizza & M. Federici

  2. Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy

    A. Pietroiusti, G. G. Mina, M. Caruso, M. Virgilio, A. Magrini & L. Coppeta

  3. Department of Economics and Finance, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

    A. Farcomeni

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  1. S. Rizza
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  2. A. Pietroiusti
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  4. G. G. Mina
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  5. M. Caruso
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  8. M. Federici
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  9. L. Coppeta
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Contributions

SR and LC contributed to the study concept, wrote the initial manuscript draft, performed the analyses, and read and corrected draft versions. MF and AM contributed to the conception and design of the trial, provided funding, read and corrected the initial manuscript, and corrected draft versions. AP, GGM, MC and MV read the paper and contributed significantly to editing and preparation of the final manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript. SR and LC are the guarantors of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Rizza.

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Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they have no personal or financial conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Furthermore, the study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of the University Hospital PTV (Policlinico Tor Vergata) in Rome, Italy.

Informed Consent

The participants received detailed information about the study protocol, and, after providing written consent, they underwent clinical examination and blood sample analysis after overnight fasting.

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Rizza, S., Pietroiusti, A., Farcomeni, A. et al. Monthly fluctuations in 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels in day and rotating night shift hospital workers. J Endocrinol Invest 43, 1655–1660 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-020-01265-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-020-01265-x

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