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Association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of thyroid cancer: a case–control study and a meta-analysis

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Abstract

Purpose

Although vitamin D is reportedly associated with various cancers, the association between vitamin D and thyroid cancer is indefinite. We aimed to investigate whether this association applies to thyroid cancer (TC).

Methods

A total of 276 Chinese Han people were recruited in a current matched case–control study. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was computed to estimate the association between plasma 25(OH)D and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). In addition, we searched relevant studies in PubMed and Web of Science databases before December 2017 to conduct a meta-analysis.

Results

In our case–control study, plasma 25(OH)D concentration was inversely associated with PTC risk (highest tertile vs lowest tertile: adjusted OR = 0.25; 95% CI 0.10, 0.61; Ptrend = 0.003). This association was independent of body mass index and physical activity (all adjusted Pinteraction > 0.05). A total of 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis, among which ten studies have been published and one was our case–control study. Compared with 25(OH)D non-deficient group, the pooled OR of TC was 1.42 (95% CI 1.17, 1.73) in the deficient group. Similarly, blood 25(OH)D levels in patients with TC were tend to be lower than those in the controls (SMD = − 0.20, 95% CI − 0.36, − 0.03).

Conclusions

A high level of circulating 25(OH)D was associated with a decreased TC risk. This association has important significance in public health and should, therefore, be further studied.

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Funding

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81373071) and the Project for Anhui Province Academic Technology Leader Reserve Candidates’ Academic Research Activities (2017H108).

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Author notes

  1. M.-J. Hu and Q. Zhang have contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People’s Republic of China

    M.-J. Hu, Q. Zhang, L. Liang, M.-M. Zhou, Y.-W. Yang, Q. Zhong & F. Huang

  2. Department of Head and Neck, Breast Surgery, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, No. 107 East Lake Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People’s Republic of China

    S.-Y. Wang & X.-C. Zheng

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Anhui Medical University Biomedical Ethics Committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Supplementary Fig.

 1 The funnel plots of meta-analysis for 25(OH)D levels and thyroid cancer. The 25(OH)D levels were modeled as binary variable (a) and continuous variable (b) (TIFF 921 kb)

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Hu, MJ., Zhang, Q., Liang, L. et al. Association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of thyroid cancer: a case–control study and a meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest 41, 1199–1210 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-018-0853-9

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