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IL-4 and IL-6 levels and adipose tissue distribution in HIV-1 patients under antiretroviral therapy

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Abstract

Purpose

Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) for the treatment of HIV-1 infection has been associated with complications, including lipodystrophy. Several interleukins have been implicated in the pathology and physiology of lipodystrophy. The present study aimed to compare the levels of IL-4 and IL-6 in HIV-1 patients under cART with and without, clinically and fat mass ratio defined, lipodystrophy and in four different groups of fat distribution: (1) no lipodystrophy; (2) isolated central fat accumulation; (3) isolated lipoatrophy and (4) mixed forms of lipodystrophy.

Methods

In the present cross-sectional study we evaluated IL-4 and IL-6 levels, insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity indexes in 86 HIV-infected adults under cART.

Results

No significant differences in IL-4 and IL-6 levels between the four groups of body composition were observed. Patients with HOMA-IR >4 presented higher levels of IL-6 and lower levels of IL-4, although without statistical significance. No correlation between IL-6, or IL-4, HOMA-IR and quantitative body fat mass distribution was found.

Conclusion

Although there was a tendency for patients with isolated lipoatrophy and isolated fat accumulation to present higher IL-6 levels, these differences were not statistically significant. No differences were found relating IL-4 levels.

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Abbreviations

cART:

Combined antiretroviral therapy

FMR:

Fat mass ratio

IR:

Insulin resistance

CT:

Computed tomography

HOMA-IR:

Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance

CL:

Clinical lypodistrophy

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests. No Grant or fellowship support was provided.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, Porto, 4200, Portugal

    S. Belo, D. Carvalho & P. Freitas

  2. Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    S. Belo, A. C. Santos, A. Madureira, A. Sarmento, D. Carvalho & P. Freitas

  3. Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    S. Belo, A. C. Santos, A. Madureira, A. Sarmento, D. Carvalho & P. Freitas

  4. Department of Radiology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal

    A. Madureira

  5. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal

    J. Pereira

  6. Department of Infectious Diseases, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal

    A. Sarmento

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  1. S. Belo
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  2. A. C. Santos
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  3. A. Madureira
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  6. D. Carvalho
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  7. P. Freitas
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Correspondence to S. Belo.

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Belo, S., Santos, A.C., Madureira, A. et al. IL-4 and IL-6 levels and adipose tissue distribution in HIV-1 patients under antiretroviral therapy. J Endocrinol Invest 38, 779–784 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-015-0256-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-015-0256-0

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